Case Study: This method involves investigating a
certain issue as a case taking longer time and
investigating the phenomenon in depth. A case study
may be about an individual person, a social group, a
family, or an organization. The case chosen is regarded
as a representative of the wider group or context from
which it is derived. This method may involve elements of
both quantitative and qualitative aspects.
Observation: This qualitative method involves collecting
data on social phenomena by carefully observing the
social processes, events, activities, behaviors, actions,
etc., they take place. All relevant events, actions,
places, objects, etc must be observed and recorded
(Marshal and Rossman, 1989). One of the key
procedures in these techniques is called participant
observation, the active involvement in community life
while studying it. The researcher participates in a
research setting while observing what is happening in
that setting (Henslin and Nelson, 1995). A variant of this
method is non-participant observation – collecting
data without participating in what the informants or the
subjects do.