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72 CHAPTER 4 are continually added at the extreme tip (Fig. 4.6). Then the wall rigidifies progressively by the formation of ext ...

FUNGAL GROWTH 73 membrane is stretched. The significance of this is that the intracellular levels of free calcium are always tig ...

74 CHAPTER 4 microcycle sporulation. It occurs naturally in some fungi, especially if they grow in water films in nutrient- limi ...

FUNGAL GROWTH 75 example, towards a nutrient source or away from a potential inhibitor. Despite the fact that all fungi require ...

76 CHAPTER 4 closest to the amino acid source. Manavathu & Thomas (1985) investigated this for a strain of Achlya ambisexual ...

FUNGAL GROWTH 77 chitin, between the mother and daughter cells. This plate of chitin is then overlaid by β-glucan and man- nan ( ...

78 CHAPTER 4 Fig. 4.13The duplication cycle of Basidiobolus ranarum, a fungus that grows as hyphae with complete, unperforated s ...

FUNGAL GROWTH 79 A similar duplication cycle has been shown to occur in many fungi, even those with normal, perforated septa (Tr ...

80 CHAPTER 4 This type of curve is typical of a batch culture, i.e. a closed culture system such as a flask in which all the nut ...

FUNGAL GROWTH 81 such as sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, and other anionic polymers. They cause fungi to grow as more d ...

82 CHAPTER 4 Fig. 4.17Diagram of the air-lift fer- menter used by Marlow Foods for the production of mycoprotein in continuous f ...

FUNGAL GROWTH 83 Initially, many potential fungi were screened to find a suitable organism for commercial use. Then a suit- able ...

Robinson, P.M. (1973) Oxygen – positive chemotropic factor for fungi? New Phytologist 72 , 1349–1356. Schreurs, W.J.A., Harold, ...

Chapter 5 Differentiation and development This chapter is divided into the following major sections: mould-yeast dimorphism inf ...

86 CHAPTER 5 regulated dimorphismis a significant factor in human pathogenesis. By contrast, the dimorphic saprotrophic Mucorspe ...

DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT 87 Perhaps these differences are not surprising, given that wall composition and wall bonding ar ...

88 CHAPTER 5 pathogens of insects, discussed in Chapter 15. The simplest pre-penetration structures are terminal swell- ings cal ...

Fig. 5.2Examples of infection structures of plant-pathogenic fungi. (a) Diagrammatic representation of an appressorium produced ...

90 CHAPTER 5 survive desiccation or exposure to UV irradiation. So, the spores often germinate immediately and the germ- tube pr ...

DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT 91 displaced towards the surface on which the fungus is growing, facilitating contact-sensing. C ...