untitled

112 CHAPTER 6 of any sugar or sugar derivative depends on the pres- ence of appropriate membrane transport proteins, and these h ...

FUNGAL NUTRITION 113 starch (by producing amylase), some can utilize lipids (by producing lipases) or proteins (by producing pro ...

114 CHAPTER 6 outside of the cell by membrane-located ion pumps, using energy derived from the dissociation of ATP. The ions the ...

FUNGAL NUTRITION 115 to be secreted exclusively at the tips of Aspergillus niger. So it seems that enzymes destined for release ...

116 CHAPTER 6 present a quite formidable obstacle to enzymatic degradation, but several types of fungus have evolved means of de ...

FUNGAL NUTRITION 117 can bind to the active site of cellobiohydrolase, and competitively inhibitthe enzyme action. Thus, if cell ...

118 CHAPTER 6 NO 3 – nitrate NO 2 – nitrite nitrate reductase glutamine glutamine synthase NH 4 + ammonium glutamate glutamate d ...

FUNGAL NUTRITION 119 In addition to these points, fungi accumulate and store phosphates in excess of their immediate require- me ...

120 CHAPTER 6 less concerned with this, although it has important implications for environmental processes. The two most commonl ...

L., Marchant, R. & Read, D.J.), pp. 1–31. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Kropf, D.L., Caldwell, J.H., Gow, N.A.R. &a ...

Chapter 7 Fungal metabolism and fungal products This chapter is divided into the following major sections: how fungi obtain ene ...

Fig. 7.1Overview of the central metabolic pathways of fungi, showing how the main energy-yielding pathway (the Embden–Meyerhof p ...

Fig. 7.2Outline of the Embden–Meyerhof pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle, which provide the major means of generating energy ...

FUNGAL METABOLISM AND FUNGAL PRODUCTS 125 The net result of this whole sequence is that one molecule of glucose is completely ox ...

126 CHAPTER 7 What happens when oxygen is limiting? In the absence of a terminal electron acceptor (usually oxygen), the electro ...

FUNGAL METABOLISM AND FUNGAL PRODUCTS 127 Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (in the Embden– Meyerhof pathway) can be converted to glyc ...

Fig. 7.6The structure of mannitol and trehalose, two char- acteristic “fungal sugars.” 128 CHAPTER 7 acetyl-CoA to produce malat ...

FUNGAL METABOLISM AND FUNGAL PRODUCTS 129 The main mobilizable carbohydrates are trehalose and straight-chain sugar alcohols (po ...

130 CHAPTER 7 Fig. 7.8Part of a wooden door post heavily rotted by Serpula lacrymans. The surface of the timber is covered with ...

FUNGAL METABOLISM AND FUNGAL PRODUCTS 131 but was then found in the form of mannitol and trehalose in the fungal sheaths. Simila ...