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152 CHAPTER 8 from H 2 O 2 in normal conditions pose little threat if catalase is active. Carbon dioxide All fungi need carbon d ...

is increased beyond this then the aseptate fungi (Zygomycota) and Oomycota are the first to stop growing (their lowest limit is ...

(a nephrotoxin) over a narrower part of its growth range. Penicillium expansum, which causes soft rot of apples, produces patuli ...

and more variable pattern was found in Metarhizium, but mannitol was again one of the main compatible solutes in the spores, sup ...

of asexual sporing structures or sexual reproductive structures in several (but not all) fungi. For example, the toadstools and ...

synthesis in response to blue light. The remarkable feature of this blue light response in N. crassais that it involves only two ...

Chapter 9 Fungal genetics, molecular genetics, and genomics This chapter is divided into the following major sections: overview ...

Neurosporaand classical (mendelian) genetics Neurospora crassais one of the most intensively studied fungi for genetical researc ...

colored. Three of the asci in Fig. 9.2 are labeled “mature” – the spores are labeled w (white), b (buff ), bl (black), and y (ye ...

transfer RNA and chromosomal proteins. However, an abnormally large amount of the genome of the downy mildew pathogen Bremia lac ...

gene causes the gradual displacement of wild-type mitochondrial DNA (reviewed by Esser 1990; Bertrand 1995). The strains of Podo ...

FUNGAL GENETICS, MOLECULAR GENETICS, AND GENOMICS 163 Fig. 9.3Ty elements of yeast. (a) The Ty element consists of an epsilon re ...

full-length molecule, but in other cases the genome is divided between different capsid particles. In most fungi the VLPs are f ...

Heterokaryons can arise in two ways. First, when a mutation occurs in any of the nuclei of a hypha and the mutated nucleus proli ...

differences in pigmentation or sporulation. But sectors can also differ in pathogenicity or biochemical prop- erties, and these ...

Nonsexual variation: parasexuality Many common mitosporic fungi, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium,Fusarium, andTrichoderma, seem ...

seems to be that they do have this potential through a mechanism termed parasexuality(or the parasexual cycle). Parasexuality wa ...

Molecular approaches to population structure Fungal species are dynamic entities. Their populations fragment by geographical iso ...

The patches can merge, but never overlap because the subgroups seem unable to invade one another”s territ- ory. The patches (and ...

Production of heterologous proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae The availability of efficient vectors has enabled S. cerevisiaet ...