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similar organisms such as Lignieraspp. They do not cause
deformation of the roots, and even Plasmodiophora
brassicae seems able to grow in the roots of many
cruciferous plants, including the common weed
Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd’s purse), without
causing galls, perhaps because these plants do not
contain high levels of glucobrassicin or do not
respond to infection by producing active hormones.
Comprehensive accounts of the plasmodiophorids can
be found in Karling (1968) and Buczacki (1983).

Online resources

Fungal Biology. http://www.helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/
FungalBiology/ [The website for this book.]
Plasmodiophorid Home Page. http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/
~braselto/plasmos/
Slime moulds. Superb images from George Barron (also
including many fungi). http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/
myxoinde.htm
Tree of Life Web Project. Major source of information on
fungal systematics and phylogeny. http://tolweb.org/
tree?group=life
Zoosporic Fungi online. http://www.botany.uga.edu/
zoosporicfungi/

Reference texts

Buczacki, S.T. (1983) Zoosporic Plant Pathogens: a modern
perspective. Academic Press, London.
Dick, M.W. (2001) Straminipolous Fungi. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, New York.
Fuller, M.F. & Jaworski, A., eds (1987) Zoosporic Fungi in
Teaching and Research. Southeastern Publishing Corpora-
tion, Athens, GA.
Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P.M., Sutton, B.C. & Pegler, D.N.
(1996) Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi, 8th
edn. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon.
Karling, J.S. (1968)The Plasmodiophorales. Hafner Publish-
ing Co., New York.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., David, J.C. & Stalpers, J. (2001)
Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th edn. CAB
International, Wallingford, Oxon.
Martin, G.W. & Alexopoulos, C.J. (1969) The Myxomycota.
Iowa University Press, Iowa City, IA.
Raper, K.B. (1984) The Dictyostelids.Princeton University
Press, Princeton, NJ.

Cited references

Barr, D.J.S. (1990) Phylum Chytridiomycota. In: Handbook
of Protoctista(Margulis, L., Corliss, J.O., Melkman, M. &
Chapman, D.J., eds), pp. 454– 466. Jones & Bartlett,
Boston.
Buczacki, S.T. (1983) Zoosporic Plant Pathogens: a modern
perspective. Academic Press, London.
Deacon, J.W. & Saxena, G. (1997) Orientated attachment
and cyst germination in Catenaria anguillulae, a facult-
ative endoparasite of nematodes. Mycological Research
101 , 513–522.
Dick, M.W. (2001) Straminipolous Fungi. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, New York.
Down, G.J., Grenville, L.J. & Clarkson, J.M. (2002)
Phylogenetic analysis of Spongosporaand implications
for the taxonomic status of the plasmodiophorids.
Mycological Research 106 , 1060–1065.
Fuller, M.F. & Jaworski, A., eds (1987) Zoosporic Fungi in
Teaching and Research. Southeastern Publishing Corpora-
tion, Athens, GA.
Karling, J.S. (1968)The Plasmodiophorales. Hafner Pub-
lishing Co., New York.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., David, J.C. & Stalpers, J. (2001)
Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th edn. CAB
International, Wallingford, Oxon.
Latijnhouwers, M., de Wit, P.J.G.M. & Govers, F. (2003)
Oomycetes and fungi: similar weaponry to attack
plants. Trends in Microbiology 11 , 462–469.
Macfarlane, I. (1970) Lagena radicicolaand Rhizophydium
graminis, two common and neglected fungi. Trans-
actions of the British Mycological Society 55 , 113–116.
Martin, G.W. & Alexopoulos, C.J. (1969) The Myxomycota.
Iowa University Press, Iowa City, IA.
Mitchell, R.T., & Deacon, J.W. (1986) Selective accumula-
tion of zoospores of Chytridiomycetes and Oomycetes
on cellulose and chitin. Transactions of the British
Mycological Society 86 , 219–223.
Raper, K.B. (1984) The Dictyostelids.Princeton University
Press, Princeton, NJ.
Read, N.D. & Lord, K.M. (1991) Experimental Mycology 15 ,
132–139.
Redecker, D., Kodner, R. & Graham, L.E. (2000) Glomalean
fungi from the Ordovician. Science 289 , 1920 –1921.
Schuessler, A., Schwarzott, D. & Walker, C. (2001) A new
fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and
evolution. Mycological Research 105 , 1413 –1421.
Webster, J. (1980) Introduction to Fungi, 2nd edn. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.

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