Notes 19550 Melillo, J. M.et al. 1996. Terrestrial biotic responses to environmental
change and feedbacks to climate. In Houghton, J. T., Meira Filho, L. G.,
Callander, B. A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A., Maskell, K. (eds.)Climate
Change 1995: the Science of Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, Chapter 9. See also Miko, U. F.et al. 1996. Climate
change impacts on forests. In Watson,Climate Change 1995: Impacts,
Chapter 1.
51 Gitay, H.et al. 2001. Ecosystems and their goods and services. In McCarthy,
Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Technical Summary Section 4.3.
52 Detail in The summary for policymakers in Watson, R.et al. (eds.) 2001.
Climate Change 2001: SynthesisReport.Contribution of Working Groups
I, II and III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 68–69,
paragraph 3.18. Myers, N.et al. 2000.Nature, 403 , pp. 853–8 has pro-
posed concentrating conservation effort in selected places with exceptional
concentrations of biodiversity.
53 From McG. Tegert, W. J., Sheldon, G. W., Griffiths, D. C. (eds.) 1990.Climate
Change: the IPCC Impacts Assessment. Canberra: Australian Government
Publishing Service, pp. 6–20. Although made in 1990 this statement remains
true in 2003.
54 Sale, P. F. 1999.Nature, 397 , pp. 25–7. More information regarding
diversity in corals available on World Resources Institute Website
http://www.wri.org/wri/marine
55 More information about impact on corals in McLean, R. F. A.et al. 2001.
Coastal zones and marine ecosystems. In McCarthy,Climate Change 2001:
Impacts, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.5.
56 For more detail see, McMichael, A. J., Githeko, A.et al. 2001. Human
health. In McCarthy,Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Chapter 9. See also
McMichael, A. J. 1993.Planetary Overload. Cambridge: Cambridge Uni-
versity Press.
57 Kalkstein, I. S. 1993. Direct impact in cities.Lancet, 342 , pp. 1397–9.
58 Information on India from Dr. Rajendra K. Pachauri, Tata Energy Research
Institute. Information regarding Europe from World Meterological Organi-
zation, Geneva.
59 Nicholls, N. 1993. El Ni ̃no-Southern Oscillation and vector-borne disease.
Lancet, 342 , pp. 1284–5. The El Ni ̃no cycle is described in Chapter 5.
60 SeeGlobal Environmental Outlook 3 (UNEP Report).2002. London: Earth-
scan, pp. 274–5.
61 As an example of progress with respect to disaster preparedness, the Inter-
national Red Cross has recently formed a Climate Change Unit based in the
Netherlands.
62 PAHO Report 1999 Conclusionsand Recommendations: Meeting on Reval-
uation of Preparedness and Response to Hurricanes George and Mitch,
quoted in McMichael, A.et al. 2001. Human health. In McCarthy,Climate
Change 2001: Impacts, Chapter 9.