The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism (2 Vol Set)

(vip2019) #1

A Note on Transliteration


I have transliterated Hindi and Sanskrit terms into English to match their


original pronunciation as closely as possible. In most cases, the translitera-


tion is a straightforward substitution of Hindi or Sanskrit letters with their


counterparts in English. However, discrepancies in the languages create


some difficulties in transliteration.


In this book, Hindi and Sanskrit words are made plural by adding the


English sto the end. This is done to conform the transliterated words to


English grammar, even though this is not standard in Hindi or Sanskrit.


For some terms there exist both Sanskritic and Hindi forms, each with dif-


ferent pronunciations. I have transliterated these words from Hindi or


Sanskrit depending on the most appropriate context; Sanskritic forms seem


fitting when one is discussing Sanskrit texts, but not when reporting a remark


by a Hindi speaker.


Transliteration also becomes complicated for words where there is a Hindi


or Sanskrit letter that does not directly correspond to a letter in English. For


example, single characters in the Hindi alphabet represent sounds that


require consonant combinations in English, such as “ch” and “sh.” I have used


these letter combinations to substitute for the Hindi letters whenever possi-


ble. In other cases, transliterating Hindi and Sanskrit pronunciation is not as


straightforward. The following list contains Hindi and Sanskrit terms from


this book that do not follow standard English pronunciation. They are written


here with diacritical marks to indicate the proper pronunciation.

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