Urban Regions : Ecology and Planning Beyond the City

Built systems 169

London

• 
  

Berlin+Rome+Bucharest+Stockholm+Barcelona+Nantes

• 
  

Chicago+San Diego/Tijuana+Philadelphia+Ottawa

• 
  

Edmonton

• 
  

Por

tland

• 
  

Atlanta

• 
  

Mexico City

• 
  

Santiago

• 
  

Brasilia+Tegucigalpa

• 
  

Iquitos

• Cairo

*

Nairobi+Bamako+East London

• 
  

Abeche

• 
  

Beijing

*

Moscow

• 
  

Seoul

*

Te h r a n

*

Sapporo+Ulaanbaatar•Erzurum

• 
  

Kagoshima

• 
  

Bangkok

• 
  

Kuala Lumpur+Cuttack

• 
  

Samarinda

• 
  

Canberra

• 
  

Rahimyar Khan•

Europe North

America

Latin

America

Africa West-East

Asia

South Asia-

Australia

Avera

ge

Multilane ring road around and outside metro area

(% possible arc on land)

Geographic area, with cities from large to small population

0

20

40

60

80

100

Figure 7.2Length of multilane ring highway around a metropolitan area relative to

geography and city size. Coastal cities have a surrounding arc <360◦. Ring road

length is measured outside the metro area; the absence of a ring road portion

indicates that the road is within the metro area or does not exist. Cities are in

decreasing order of population (Table5.1)within each geographic area.∗= city

population >4 million (‘‘large”); + = 1 to 4 million (‘‘medium”);•= 250 000 to 1

million (‘‘small”). City abbreviations: Abe (Abeche, Chad); Atl (Atlanta, USA); Bam

(Bamako, Mali); Ban (Bangkok, Thailand); Bar (Barcelona, Spain); Bei (Beijing, China);

Ber (Berlin, Germany); Bra (Brasilia, Brazil); Buc (Bucharest, Romania); Cai (Cairo,

Egypt); Can (Canberra, Australia); Chi (Chicago, USA); Cut (Cuttack, India); Eas (East

London, South Africa); Edm (Edmonton, Canada); Erz (Erzurum, Turkey); Iqu

(Iquitos, Peru); Kag (Kagoshima, Japan); Kua (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia); Lon (London,

United Kingdom); Mex (Mexico City, Mexico); Mos (Moscow, Russia); Nai (Nairobi,

Kenya); Nan (Nantes, France); Ott (Ottawa, Canada); Phi (Philadelphia, USA); Por

(Portland, USA); Rah (Rahimyar Khan, Pakistan); Rom (Rome, Italy); Sam (Samarinda,

Indonesia); Sdt (San Diego/Tijuana, USA/Mexico); San (Santiago, Chile); Sap (Sapporo,

Japan); Seo (Seoul, South Korea); Sto (Stockholm, Sweden); Teg (Tegucigalpa,

Honduras); Teh (Tehran, Iran); Ula (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia). See Table5.1and

Chapter5 forfurther urban region information.