Good, bad, and interesting patterns in urban regions 309Low-population-density metro area associated with sprawl.Atlanta, Chicago,
Philadelphia, Toronto
Metro area patterns strongly ref lecting political division into two parts.Berlin
(previous division), Jerusalem, Nicosia (Cyprus)
Linear metro area spread along coast.Kagoshima, Miami, Kobe (Japan)
Elongated metro area separating nearby wooded landscapes.Brasilia, Berlin,
Oslo, Ljubljana
Rather limited greenspace in metro area relative to population.Barcelona,
Bucharest, Erzurum, Mexico City, Santiago
Diffuse metro area border area with built areas gradually decreasing outward.
Baltimore (USA), Denver (USA), Milan, San Jose (Costa Rica), Val-
ladolid (Spain), Yerevan (Armenia)
Creeping development threatening large forest/woodland patch adjacent to metro
area.Barcelona, Mexico City
Abundance or ‘‘ high density” of built-area borders in urban region.Chicago,
Philadelphia
Nature, forest/woodland, and food production
Little forest/woodland remaining in urban region.Bangkok, Bucharest,
Chicago, Copenhagen, London, Minneapolis/St. Paul (USA),
Nantes
Primary old-growth forest in urban region being rapidly logged.Iquitos,Man-
aus (Brazil), Samarinda
Fewnatural beaches/dunes, vegetation areas, or wetlands remaining along coast.
Barcelona, San Diego/Tijuana, Brisbane (Australia), Miami
Recreation and tourism sites mainly at some distance from city. Cuttack
Limited cropland area producing food in urban region.Abeche, Brasilia,
Canberra, Erzurum, Phoenix (USA), Omsk (Russia)
Only one or two main farmland-area type, providing little diversity in food
products.Atlanta, Chicago, Edmonton, Erzurum, London, Xi’an
(China)
Cropland more concentrated near metro-area border than across the urban-region
ring. Cairo, Rahimyar Khan, Edmonton, Erzurum, Santiago,
Portland
Outward urbanization removing scarce cropland area.Cairo,Philadelphia
Wat er
Drainage basin for water supply with significant area outside urban region.
Philadelphia, San Diego/Tijuana (much water piped from North-
ern California and Colorado River), Sydney