Good, bad, and interesting patterns in urban regions 311Built areas surround many streams and rivers.San Diego/Tijuana, Philadel-
phia, Chicago
High edge density (border length) of built areas in urban-region ring.Barcelona,
Chicago, London, Moscow, Philadelphia
Towns and small cities in large areas of region threatening to coalesce by urban-
ization.Barcelona, Raleigh/Durham (USA), Toronto
Dispersed-site development the predominant model of urbanization.Atlanta,
Chicago, Philadelphia, San Diego/Tijuana
Slopes near metro area much covered by built area.Brasilia, Beijing
Considerable squatter housing/shantytown areas.Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro,
Lagos, Johannesburg, Jakarta, Kolkata (Calcutta)
Heavy industry concentration close to city.Beijing, Edmonton, Kagoshima,
Seoul
Severe air pollution over metro area.Beijing, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Caracas,
Delhi, Jakarta, Mexico City, Shenyang (China), Los Angeles
Extensive coastal near-shore water pollution.Bangkok, Barcelona, Buenos
Aires, Marseilles
Rivers/streams extensively polluted by sewage, industry, and agriculture.
Barcelona, Rome, Seoul, Tegucigalpa, Guangzhou (China)
Large mine-waste areas in urban region. Berlin, Johannesburg, Miami,
Prague
Hazards
Riverside city subject to serious f lood hazard.Bangkok, Cincinnati
(USA), Jakarta, Iquitos, Santiago, Ulaanbaatar, Winnipeg
(Canada)
On multi-channel river delta with extensive f looding.Cuttack, Dhaka, Ho Chi
Minh, Lagos, New Orleans (USA), Rangoon, Rotterdam, Shang-
hai, St. Petersburg, Vancouver
Significant hazard from hurricane/cyclone.Havana, Miami, Osaka, Taipei
Significant hazard from coastal f looding.Bangkok, Manila, Mumbai (Bom-
bay)
Significant area subject to inundation by sea-level rise.Amsterdam, Bangkok,
Buenos Aires, Kolkata (Calcutta), Dakha, London, New Orleans
(USA), New York
Significant earthquake-hazard area. Managua (Nicaragua), Kobe (Japan),
Mexico City, San Francisco
Hill/mountain slopes widely cultivated, with erosion/sedimentation/f looding prob-
lems.Rome, Port-au-Prince (Haiti), Tegucigalpa