v¼Ze^2
2 e 0 nh(4.12)
e¼1.602( 10 "^19 C,e 0 ¼8.854( 10 "^12 C^2 N"^1 m"^2 ,h¼6.626( 10 "^34 J.s
What fraction of the speed of lightc¼3.0( 108 ms"^1 ) is this value ofv?
Using the “Einstein factor”√(1"v^2 /c^2 ), calculate the mass increase factor that
this corresponds to.
Harder Questions.........................................................
- Is the result of the calculation in question 5 above trustworthy? Why or why not?
- Should relativistic effects be stronger for d or for f electrons?
- Why are the transition elements all metals?
- The simple crystal field analysis of the effect of ligands on transition metal
d-electron energies accords well with the “deeper” molecular orbital analysis
(see e.g. [ 99 ]). In what way(s), however, is the crystal field method unrealistic? - Suggest reasons why parameterizing molecular mechanics and PM3-type pro-
grams for transition metals presents special problems compared with parameter-
izing for standard organic compounds.
560 8 Some “Special” Topics