13.2. Liquids and Solids http://www.ck12.org
TABLE13.2:(continued)
Crystal System Diagram
Hexagonal
a = b 6 =c;α=β= 90°,γ= 120°Lesson Summary
- At the molecular level, the major difference between solids and liquids is based on how freely the particles
can move within the substance. - Viscosity measures a liquid’s resistance to flow.
- Surface tension results from the directional pull on surface molecules towards the interior of a liquid.
- Adhesion and cohesion are demonstrated by liquids as they interact with the surface of a container.
- Vapor pressure is the pressure resulting from the gas molecules above a liquid in a closed container at
equilibrium. - Ionic, molecular, covalent, and metallic solids are characterized by the types of bonds holding the substance’s
particles together in the solid form.
Lesson Review Questions
- Define viscosity. Give an example of how temperature influences viscosity.
- Define surface tension. Would you expect water to have a stronger or weaker surface tension than olive oil?
- Draw a picture of a liquid displaying adhesion and a liquid displaying cohesion in a glass jar.
- What does vapor pressure measures? Does vapor pressure increase or decrease as intermolecular forces when
intermolecular forces grow stronger? - What distinguishes crystalline and amorphous solids?
- List and define the four different types of crystalline solids.
- Order the four types of crystalline solids from lowest to highest melting point.
- Research to find one example for each type of crystalline solid, different from those provided in the text.
Further Reading / Supplemental Links
- Surface tension –“sticky water”: http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/bubbles/sticky_water.html
- Types of solids: http://chemistry.about.com/od/matter/a/Types-Of-Solids.htm
- Identifying states of matter: http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/states_of_matter.htm
- Adhesion and cohesion, in space!: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAY3yISf-24