14.2 Gas Laws
14.2 Gas Laws
Lesson Objectives
- Describe various observed relationships between the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of a gas,
including Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, Gay-Lussac’s law, and Avogadro’s law. Be able to perform calculations
using these relationships. - Be able to derive a combined gas law, and utilize this expression to calculate volume, temperature, and pressure
changes in gas systems. - Describe the ideal gas equation PV=nRT and perform calculations using this relationship.
Lesson Vocabulary
- Boyle’s Law: States that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume occupied is inversely
proportional to its pressure. - absolute zero: The lower limit for possible temperatures, a value of 0 Kelvin or -273°C.
- Charles’s Law: States that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional
to its absolute temperature. - Gay-Lussac’s Law: States that pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
- Avogadro’s Law: Stats that if you compare two samples of an ideal gas at the same temperature, pressure,
and volume, they contain the same number of molecules. - ideal gas law: The equation of state that describes the relationship between temperature, pressure, volume,
and amount of an ideal gas. Derived from a combination of Boyle’s, Charles’s, Gay-Lussac’s and Avogadro’s
gas laws.
Check Your Understanding
- One of the earliest air pumps was made by Robert Boyle. The figure below is a diagram of his early pump.
What do you suppose the relationship is between pressure and volume as shown here?