25.3. Organic Reactions http://www.ck12.org
In this case, we see the formation of amide bonds between amines and acyl halides (which can be thought of as
"activated" carboxylic acids). Note that each molecule must have two functional groups in order for this type of
polymerization to occur.
Lesson Summary
- Alkenes and alkynes can be reduced with hydrogen gas to form alkanes.
- Alkenes can react with halogens to form dihalides.
- Alkenes can react with water to form alcohols.
- Alcohols can lose water to form alkenes.
- Alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or ketones.
- Aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids.
- Carboxylic acids can form esters with alcohols.
- Carboxylic acids can form amides with amines.
- Polymers are long-chain materials with useful properties.
Lesson Review Questions
- Name the product (class of compound) formed in the following reactions:
a. alcohol + carboxylic acid
b. primary alcohol + oxidizing agent
c. ketone + oxidizing agent
d. alkene + hydrogen + metal catalyst - What class of compound(s) would be used to form the following product:
a. amide
b. ketone
c. halogenated alkane
d. alcohol - Draw the structure of the product formed in the following reactions:
a. CH 3 CH 2 CH=CHCH 3 + Cl 2
b. CH 3 CH 2 CHOHCH 3 + oxidizing agent
Further Reading/Supplementary Links
- Summaries of organic reactions: http://pages.towson.edu/ladon/orgrxs/reactsum.htm
- Polymer addition reactions: http://www.materialsworldmodules.org/resources/polimarization/3-addition.html
Points to Consider
- What do reactions in living cells have in common with these organic reactions? How are they similar and how
are they different?