PROBLEMS OF LANGUAGE IN BUDDHIST TANTRANotes
Nature and Grace: Selections from the "Summa Theologica" of Thomas Aquinas,
trans. and ed. A. M. Fairweather (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1954), p. 48.
2 Mkhas-grub-rje 's "Fundamentals of the Buddhist Tantras," trans. Ferdinand D.
Lessing and Alex Wayman (The Hague: Mouton, 1968), p. 93.
3 Louis de Ia Vallee Poussin, "Tantrism (Buddhist)," Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Reli-
gion and Ethics, as cited in translator's introduction to The Candamahiirosana
Tantra, chaps. 1-8, trans. Christopher S. George (New Haven, Conn.: American Ori-
ental Society, 1974), p. 3.
4 Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls, 2 vols. (Rome: La Libreria dello Stato,
1949), 1: 251; pp. 7 ff., n. 13.
5 Lama Anagarika Govinda, Foundations of Tibetan Mysticism (New York: Samuel
Weiser, Inc., 1960), p. 53.
6 Mircea Eliade, Yoga: Immortality and Freedom, Bollingen Series (Princeton, N.J.:
Princeton University Press, 1958), pp. 249-54; Agehananda Bharati, The Tantric Tra-
dition (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1970), chap. 6. It will be noted that our
approach differs from that of Bharati, who uses a modem Western linguistic analysis
of tantric materials. We, on the other hand, want to determine first to what extent a
"linguistic analysis" exists already within the tantric tradition.
7 Accounts of these discussions can be found in Eliade and in Bharati. See also S. B.
Dasgupta, Obscure Religious Cults (Calcutta: Mukhopadhyay, 1962), pp. 413 ff.
8 Alex Wayman, The Buddhist Tantras: Light on Indo-Tibetan Esotericism (New York:
Samuel Weiser, Inc., 1973). See especially chap. 11.
9 For example, George states this opinion in his introduction to Cm)ljamahiiro-$ana.
10 Mkhas-grub-rje 's "Fundamentals," pp. 11-12, 219.
11 Wayman, pp. 32-33.
12 Ibid.
13 Mkhas-grub-rje's "Fundamentals," pp. 218-19.
14 Wayman, p. 129.
15 Mkhas-grub-rje's "Fundamentals," p. 219, note.
16 Ibid, pp. 219-20.
17 Wayman, p. 129.
18 Ibid., pp. 86 ff., 121, 133.
19 Alex Wayman, "Climactic Times in Indian Mythology and Religion," History of Reli-
gions 4 (Winter 1965): 295 ff.
20 See Mircea Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane (New York: Harper & Row, 1961),
chap. 2.
21 Wayman, "Climactic Times," p. 311.
22 Wayman, Buddhist Tantras, p. 130.
23 Translated by Wayman in Buddhist Tantras, p. 130, from the Sanskrit in Edgerton's
Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Reader, p. 55. For an alternative translation, see H. Kern,
Saddharma-pundarlka or the Lotus of the True Law, Sacred Books of the East, no. 21
(New York: Dover Publications, 1963), p. 62.
24 Wayman, Buddhist Tantras, p. 129.
25 Ibid.
26 Govinda, p. 28.
27 Eliade, Yoga, p. 250.
28 Wayman, Buddhist Tantras, p. 129.
29 Saf!lvarodaya Tantra, selected chapters, trans. Shinfchi Tsuda (Tokyo: Hokuscido
Press, 1974), p. 239.
30 Alex Wayman, "The Buddhist Theory of Vision," in Afijali (Peradinaya: University
of Ceylon, 1970), pp. 27-32. The passage is taken from the Allguttara-Nikaya.