Luke, who wished to bring his Gospel in line with
the Pauline point of view, took even greater liberties
with his sources than the writer of Matthew's Gospel
had done.
The Gospels of Mark, Matthew and Luke are
called "the Synoptic Gospels" because they proceed
on the basis of the same lost document and have
much in common. The Gospel of John is very differ-
ent from these. The divinity and pre-existence of Je-
sus are affirmed in this Gospel alone, though never
as a claim put forward by Jesus himself. In the open-
ing lines the writer of this Gospel makes the claim
that the divine Logos, the Word or Reason of God,
which created the world, had become incarnate in
Jesus. The Gospel of Jolui was written at or near
Ephesus between the years 110 and 115 of the Chris-
tian era by some unknown writer who was anti-
semitically incl'med and represented the Jews as the
enemies of Jesus Christ. No independent scholar re-
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