Jewish Historical Quarterly 66 (Sept. 1976): 76; Adler, Schiff,1:11–16; Warburg,
Reminiscences,pp. 11–14, 45, 56–57; James P. Warburg, The Long Road Home
(Garden City, N.Y., 1964), pp. 9–10; Leon Harris, Merchant Princes (New
York, 1979), p. 44.
17.Barry E. Supple, “A Business Elite,” Business History Review 31 (summer 1957):
143–78; Adler, Schiff,1:155–58; Edwin P. Hoyt, The Guggenheims and the
American Dream (New York, 1957), pp. 145, 194. William Miller, who dis-
cusses the social background of 190 outstanding business leaders at the turn of
the century, lists three Jewish firms: American Smelting and Refining (Gug-
genheim), Kuhn, Loeb (Schiff), and Speyer & Co (James Speyer). William
Miller, ed., Men in Business (New York, 1962), pp. 313–19.
18.John Kobler, Otto the Magnificent (New York, 1988), p. 21; Adler, Schiff,1:16;
both Kobler (p. 21) and Ron Chernow (The Warburgs [New York, 1993], p. 49)
point up the striking differences between Schiff and both Warburg and Kahn;
Adler, Schiff,1:16.
19.Adler, Schiff,1:16–21; reel 685, Schiff to E. Cassel, 26 Apr. 1896; reel 676,
Schiff to E. Cassel, 18 Jan. 1897; Supple, “Business Elite,” p. 164; Priscilla M.
Roberts, “A Conflict of Loyalties,” Studies in the American Jewish Experience,
vol. 2 (Lanham, Md., 1984), pp. 3–4; Carosso, “Financial Elite,” p. 87; “Mr.
Kuhn and Mr. Loeb,” Fortune 2 (1930): 89ff.
20.Carosso, “Financial Elite,” pp. 77–79.
21.Philip Cowen, Prejudice against the Jew (New York, 1928); Todd M. Endelman,
Radical Assimilation in English Jewish History (Bloomington, Ind., 1990); W. E.
Mosse, The German-Jewish Economic Elite (Oxford, 1989); Naomi W. Cohen,
Encounter with Emancipation (Philadelphia, 1984), p. 260.
22.When not abroad, the Schiffs usually divided the summer between a house
that they owned in New Jersey and one that they rented in Maine. Warburg,
Reminiscences, p. 58; on the Schiffs in Maine, see Judith S. Goldstein, Crossing
Lines (New York, 1992).
23.“Many-Sided Jacob H. Schiff,” New York World Magazine, 16 Apr. 1905; War-
burg, Reminiscences, pp. 46, 51–52; Adler, Schiff, 2:330–1; AH, 8 Oct. 1920; reel
684, notes by Robert De Forest.
24.Frederick Lewis Allen, The Lords of Creation (New York, 1966), pp. 82–97;
Priscilla M. Roberts, “The American ‘Eastern Establishment’ and World War
I” (Ph.D. diss., University of Cambridge, 1981), introduction and chap. 1.
25.Kobler, Otto the Magnificent, p. 19; Carosso, “Financial Elite,” p. 81; Ron
Chernow, The House of Morgan (New York, 1990), p. 89.
26.Solomon Loeb, p. 12; Warburg, Reminiscences, pp. 13, 56–57; reel 696, Schiff to
T. Coolidge, 1 Sept. 1899; reel 687, Schiff to M. Bonn, 6 Jan. 1904; Adler,
Schiff, 1:14.
27.Reel 679, CA MSS, p. 22; reel 676, Schiff to J. Hanauer, 18 Aug. 1919; Bar-
nard Powers, “Jacob H. Schiff: Wall Street’s Grand Old Man,” Magazine of
Wall Street, 28 Sept. 1918; Carosso, “Financial Elite,” p. 79.
28.Carosso, “Financial Elite,” pp. 80, 82; Money Trust Investigation, Financial and
Monetary Conditions in the United States, H.R. 1593, 62nd Cong., 3rd Sess.,
1913, pt. 23, pp. 1661–71; Redlich, Molding of American Banking, 2:386.
29.Carosso, “Financial Elite,” pp. 81–82.
Notes to Chapter 1 253