69.Reel 686, Schiff to W. Taft, 19 May 1905; Adler, Schiff, 1:43–50; NYT,27, 28
Mar. 1907; Joseph B. Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt and His Time, 2 vols. (New
York, 1920), 2:40–41.
70.“Many-Sided Jacob H. Schiff,” New York World Magazine, 16 Apr. 1905; Hol-
land, “Jacob Schiff the New Money King,” Philadelphia Press, 22 Aug. 1903;
Robert N. Burnett, “Captains of Industry” (pt. 12), Cosmopolitan34 (Apr.
1903): 699–701; Keys, “Pacific Railroads,” pp. 5818–19; Gilbert Klaperman,
The Story of Yeshiva University (London, 1969), p. 79. In 1918, Forbes Magazine
put Schiff’s annual income at $2.5 million. His wealth, estimated again at $50
million, placed him among the thirty richest persons in America. B. C. Forbes,
“America’s Thirty Richest,” Forbes Magazine, 2 Mar. 1918, pp. 637, 665.
71.Reel 686, Schiff to H. Tatnall, 27 Jan. 1907; reel 689, Schiff to E. Cassel, 16
Apr. 1902; Money Trust Investigation, pt. 23, p. 1688; Adler, Schiff, 1:175–80; for
examples of cooperation between Morgan and Kuhn, Loeb, see Carosso, Mor-
gans, pp. 248, 266, 273, 386, 452, 471, 494, 501, 526–27, 773–74, 814–15.
72.Redlich, Molding of American Banking, 2:379; Chernow, House of Morgan, p. 90;
Martin, James J. Hill, p. 284; Kolko, Triumph of Conservatism, p. 144; Cochran
and Miller, Age of Enterprise, p. 194; E. Digby Baltzell, The Protestant Establish-
ment (New York, 1966), p. 119. (The Morgan Papers were closed to me.)
Morgan’s son went further; he hired detectives to investigate what he thought
was a Jewish conspiracy against him. John D. Forbes, J. P. Morgan, Jr. (Char-
lottesville, Va., 1981), p. 115.
73.Arnsberg, Schiff, p. 19; Kuhn, Loeb, pp. 13–14; Redlich, Molding of American
Banking, 2:386; John Davis, The Guggenheims (New York, 1978), pp. 102–3,
107; reel 688, Schiff to M. Schiff, 1 May 1905; Adler, Schiff, 1:155–60, 170–74.
74.Reel 676, Schiff to E. Cassel, 24 Apr. 1903; Adler, Schiff, 1:15, 28–41; New York
Evening Post, 13 Oct. 1926; NYT,5, 9 Jan. 1906.
75.The most reliable source for Schiff’s family life is Frieda Warburg’s Reminis-
cences.
76.Testimony Taken before the Joint Committee of the Senate and Assembly of the State of
New York ... to Investigate ... the ... Life Insurance Companies (Albany, N.Y.,
1906), 2:999–1000; R. Carlyle Buley, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the
United States, 2 vols. (New York, 1967), vol. 1, chap. 7.
77.For this and the next paragraph, see Buley, Equitable, vol. 1, chap. 7; Louis
Filler, Crusaders for American Liberalism (New York, 1961), chap. 15; NYT, 4
April, 6 June 1905; reel 688, Schiff to S. Rea, 3 Mar. 1905, to W. King, 7 June
1905; Adler, Schiff, 1:188–89.
78.Reel 677, Schiff to E. Cassel, 4 Apr. 1905; reel 681, Schiff to T. Roosevelt, 26
July 1905, to G. Cleveland, 14 July 1905; reel 693, Schiff to R. Fleming, 13
July 1905; reel 688, Schiff’s letters in February 1905 to S. Untermyer, W. Laf-
fan, T. Cuyler, A. Ochs, and E. Root, and Schiff to A. Farquhar, 5 Apr. 1905, to
A. Markowitz, 3 Oct. 1905, to H. Schueler, 14 July 1905, to O. Villard, [June
or July] 1905, to A. Parker, 29 Mar. 1905, to M. Schiff, 8 May 1905, to L.
Wiley, 18 July1905, to S. Rea, 3 Mar. 1905.
79.Reel 688, Schiff to A. Farquhar, 5 Apr. 1905, to D. Todd, 14 June 1905, to A.
Ochs, 28 Feb. 1905, to O. Kahn, 27 July 1905; reel 693, Schiff to R. Fleming,
13 July 1905.256 Notes to Chapter 1
hyphenated last word to avoid loose line