80.Buley, Equitable, 1:675–94; Merlo J. Pusey, Charles Evans Hughes, 2 vols. (New
York, 1951), vol. 1, chap. 15; Testimony Taken before the Joint Committee, 3:2438.
81.Testimony Taken before the Joint Committee, 2:999–1051; NYT,30 Sept. 1905.
82.Jewish American, 6 Oct. 1905; New York Sun, 10 Jan. 1907; Testimony Taken be-
fore the Joint Committee, 3:2437–58; Charles M. Destler, “The Opposition of
American Businessmen to Social Control during the ‘Gilded Age’,” Mississippi
Valley Historical Review 39 (Mar. 1953): 644.
83.Filler, Crusaders for American Liberalism, pp. 189–90; Testimony Taken before the
Joint Committee, 7:75–119; reel 688, Schiff to J. Wilson, 2 Oct. 1905; to H.
Schueler, 27 Oct. 1905.
84.Reel 677, Schiff to E. Clouston, 27 Apr. 1896, to G. Perkins, 2 Sept. 1912; reel
685, Schiff to J. Hill, 9 Nov. 1896; reel 686, Schiff to R. Fleming, 8 Nov. 1912.
85.The references in the Schiff papers to the tariff and the currency are too nu-
merous to list. See Schiff, “Relation of a Central Bank to the Elasticity of the
Currency,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 31
(1908): 372–76; Adler, Schiff, 1:260–88, 303–7; Matthew Josephson, The Polit-
icos (New York, 1968), pp. 530–31, 537; NYT,8 Jan., 2 Feb., 6 Aug. 1906, 12
Nov. 1910.
86.Yonathan Shapiro, “American Jews in Politics,” American Jewish Historical
Quarterly55 (Dec. 1965): 205; reel 1977, McAdoo file; NYT,27 Oct., 7, 8, 12,
17 Nov., 24 Dec. 1913; Adler, Schiff, 1:286–91.
87.Reel 677, Schiff to E. Cassel, 9 June 1903, to S. Low, 14 Dec. 1908, to A.
Woods, 19 Aug. 1919; reel 685, Schiff to R. Fleming, 1 Mar. 1897; reel 681,
CA MSS, pp. 463–66; reel 1980, Schiff to D. Lyon, 19 Sept. 1916; reel 686,
Schiff to E. Cassel, 28 Sept. 1911; Industrial Relations, Final Report and Testi-
mony ... [of] the Commission on Industrial Relations, 64th Cong., 1st sess., 1916,
8:7530–31; Adler, Schiff, 1:291–93, 295–98; Lillian Wald, “Jacob H. Schiff,”
Survey, 2 Oct. 1920; NYT,4 Sept. 1916.
88.Reel 676, Schiff to Mr. Japhet, 12 Dec. 1910; reel 677, CA MSS, R. Adamson
to M. Schiff, 20 Nov. 1905.
89.Reel 676, Schiff to P. Warburg, 28 June 1906; reel 677, Schiff to J. Mottu, 4
Feb. 1910; reel 686, Schiff to S. Hill, 27 Sept. 1910, to E. Cassel, 28 Sept.
1911; NYT,17 May 1905, 4 June 1911; Adler, Schiff, 1:290.
90.Reel 680, Schiff to E. Cassel, 1 Apr. 1907; reel 686, Schiff to E. Cassel, 25 Aug.
1907; reel 687, Schiff to R. Fleming, 18 Apr. 1907; reel 688, Schiff to E. Cas-
sel, 4 Nov. 1907.
91.Thomas C. Cochran, The American Business System (New York, 1957), pp.
83–86. Unless otherwise noted, the material for this and the next two para-
graphs is from Money Trust Investigation, pt. 23, Schiff’s testimony, pp.
1660–94, and Carosso, Morgans, pp. 624–41.
92.Money Trust Investigation, testimony of George Baker in pt. 21, testimony of
Henry Davison in pt. 25. Schiff clashed with Untermyer again in hearings be-
fore the Industrial Relations Commission of 1915. There he called
Untermyer’s statement that Morgan and Kuhn, Loeb controlled a large num-
ber of railroads “sheer nonsense.” NYT,21 Jan. 1915.
93.Carosso, “Financial Elite,” p. 83; Louis D. Brandeis, Other People’s Money
(New York, 1932), pp. 170–75.
Notes to Chapter 1 257