113.Reel 690, Schiff to M. Sulzberger, 6 May 1891; reel 1981, F. Chadwick to
Schiff, 7 Mar. 1917; reel 694, M. Kohler to M. Schiff, 14 Oct. 1925; reel 1984,
K. Kohler to Schiff, 19 Aug. 1918; AJC archives, Schiff file, H. Friedenwald to
J. Finley, 28 May 1908; “The Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the
Settlement of the Jews in the United States,” PAJHS 14 (1906).
114.Reel 23, Schiff to H. Berkowitz, 26 Oct. 1900; Henry Berkowitz in AH, 12
Nov. 1920; NYT,9 Feb., 28 Apr. 1914.
115.Reel 23, CA MSS; reel 678, CA MSS on Jewish scholarship; reel 691, Schiff to
S. Schechter, 17 July 1907, to S. Rabinowitz, 1 Dec. 1915; Adler papers (JTS
archives), C. Adler to Schiff, 16 May 1914; Adler, Schiff, 2:55–56, 62–65;
Shuly R. Schwartz, The Emergence of Jewish Scholarship in America(Cincinnati,
1991), pp. 102–4; Jonathan D. Sarna, JPS: The Americanization of Jewish Cul-
ture (Philadelphia, 1989), pp. 108, 120; NYT,11 Feb. 1914.
116.Cyrus Adler in AH, 5 Jan. 1917; reel 23, Schiff to I. Hershfeld, 14 Jan. 1910, C.
Adler to Schiff, 5, 25 June 1905; reel 691, Schiff to E. Cohen, 6 Dec. 1909.
117.AH, 27 May 1898.
- The New Immigrants (Notes to Pages 83–123)
1.Reel 691, Schiff to M. de Hirsch, 23 Oct. 1891; reel 22 (JTS archives), Schiff
and J. Goldman to C. Hallgarten and J. Plotke, 12 Nov. 1901; Zosa Szajkow-
ski, “The Yahudi and the Immigrant,” American Jewish Historical Quarterly 63
(Sept. 1973): 15; Esther L. Panitz, “The Polarity of American Jewish Attitudes
towards Immigration,” in The Jewish Experience in America, ed. Abraham J.
Karp, 5 vols. (Waltham, Mass. and New York, 1969), 4:36–50; Naomi W.
Cohen, Encounter with Emancipation (Philadelphia, 1984), pp. 301–3, 380, n26.
2.Mark Wischnitzer, To Dwell in Safety (Philadelphia, 1948), chaps. 3, 4; Judge,
23 Jan. 1892.
3.Reel 678, Schiff to E. Cassel, 4 Dec. 1888; Alliance Israélite Universelle papers
(American Jewish Archives), N. Behar to [N. Leven], 5 June 1901; AH, 31 July
1907; Cohen, Encounter with Emancipation, p. 305.
4.Reel 22, Schiff and J. Goldman to C. Hallgarten and J. Plotke, 12 Nov. 1901;
reel 23 (JTS archives), Schiff to A. S. Levy. 30 Mar. 1903; Cohen, Encounter
with Emancipation, pp. 299–308, 319 for this and the next two paragraphs.
5.See annual Proceedings of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, esp.
1890–1914; Egal Feldman, “Prostitution, the Alien Woman and the Progres-
sive Imagination,” American Quarterly 19 (summer 1967): 203.
6.Paul Boyer, Urban Masses and Moral Order in America (Cambridge, Mass.,
1978), chaps. 7–8; reel 23, Schiff to M. de Hirsch, 23 Oct. 1891; AH, 27 May
1887.
7.AH, 21 Oct., 2 Dec. 1881, 20 Jan., 10 Mar., 14 July 1882; Gilbert Osofsky, “The
Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society of the United States,” PAJHS 49 (Mar. 1960):
175–76, 186; Philip Cowen, Memories of an American Jew (New York, 1932), pp.
96–97; Ronald Sanders, Shores of Refuge (New York, 1988), pp. 105–9.
8.Naomi W. Cohen, A Dual Heritage (Philadelphia, 1969), pp. 67–70; Samuel
Joseph, History of the Baron de Hirsch Fund (Fairfield, N.J., 1978), pp. 6–22.Notes to Chapter 3 267