9.Joseph, Baron de Hirsch Fund, pp. 12–13, 21; Zosa Szajkowski, “Emigration to
America or Reconstruction in Europe,” in The Jewish Experience in America, ed.
Abraham J. Karp, 5 vols. (Waltham, Mass., and New York, 1969), 4:22–27.
10.Joseph, Baron de Hirsch Fund, chap. 2; reel 22, Schiff to Dr. Blau, 27 Jan. 1909.
11.Reel 22, Schiff to M. de Hirsch, 10 May 1892, to J. Scrymser, 10 May 1892, to
S. Reinach, 16 Nov. 1909, to F. Philippson, 23 Dec. 1909, J. Goldman to M.
Schiff, 29 Oct. 1925; reel 688, Schiff to E. Cassel, 24 Dec. 1891.
12.Reel 691, Schiff to H. Blum, 14 Oct. 1889. Reacting to the English attitude,
Schiff boycotted a dinner in honor of Sir Julian Goldsmid, president of the
Anglo-Jewish Association.
13.Reel 22, Schiff and J. Goldman to C. Hallgarten and J. Plotke, 12 Nov. 1901;
reel 691, Schiff to P. Nathan 20 June 1912; unsorted Schiff papers (American
Jewish Archives), Schiff to M. Warburg, 29 Dec. 1913; Alliance Israélite Uni-
verselle papers, N. Behar to [N. Leven], 11 Feb. 1901; Zosa Szajkowski, “The
Alliance Israélite Universelle in the United States,” PAJHS39 (June 1950):
418–19, 431.
14.Baron Maurice de Hirsch papers (AJHS archives), Schiff to M. Isaacs, 14 Aug.
1901; reel 692, Schiff to N. Leven, 5 Nov. 1902. The Schiff papers abound
with letters on the European/American rift.
15.Industrial Relations, Final Report and Testimony ...[of] the Commission on Indus-
trial Relations, 64th Cong., 1st sess., 1916, 8:7526–30; NYT,21 Jan. 1915.
16.AH, 21 Feb. 1895.
17.Cohen, Encounter with Emancipation, pp. 310–11.
18.Reel 690, Schiff to H. Leipziger, 26 Nov. 1894, to R. Maclay, 2 July 1895, to A.
Hewitt, 2 Dec. 1897.
19.Reel 689, Schiff to R. De Forest, 16 May 1902, to F. Brooks, 1 July 1912;
Cowen, Memories of an American Jew, p. 107; Chicago Daily Tribunein American
Israelite, 20 Oct. 1910.
20: Reel 690, Schiff to L. Zinsler, 25 Aug. 1896, 1 Feb. 1897, 30 June 1899, 21
Mar. 1907, to J. Dukas, 1910–17 contributions; AH, 16 May 1890, 26 Jan.
1900, 8 Oct. 1920; Shelley Tenenbaum, A Credit to Their Community(Detroit,
1993), pp. 32–33, 75, 78–79, 82; Cowen, Memories of an American Jew, 107–9;
NYT,26 Jan. 1914, 1 May 1983, see also NYT’s coverage of annual meetings
every January: American Banker, 28 Oct. 1983.
21.Tenenbaum, Credit to Their Community, pp. 82, 97–98; Cyrus Adler, Jacob H.
Schiff, 2 vols. (Garden City, N.Y., 1929), 1:365–66; NYT,26 Jan. 1914.
22.Reel 22, Schiff to S. Reinach, 16 Nov. 1909; Jacob H. Schiff, “Technical Edu-
cation among Jews,” Menorah3 (July 1887): 36–38; Joseph, Baron de Hirsch
Fund, pp. 25, 27–28; AH, 27 May 1887; Abraham J. Karp, “The Making of
Americans,” in Contemporary Jewry, Studies in Honor of Moshe Davis, ed. Geof-
frey Wigedor (Jerusalem, 1984), p. 54.- Joseph, Baron de Hirsch Fund, pp. 24–31, chap. 6; reel 22, Schiff to S. Reinach, 16
Nov. 1909, to J. Simon, 16 Nov. 1909; AH, 27 May 1887; NYT,28 Feb. 1916.
24.Philip Cowen papers (AJHS archives), Box 2 P–19, “Notes on Jacob Schiff.”
25.Reel 690, numerous letters from Schiff to L. Wald, 1893–1918, are the basis
for this and the next four paragraphs on the founding of the settlement, its ac-
tivities, and Schiff’s advice and contributions. See also reel 690, H. Potter to
268 Notes to Chapter 3