85.Adler, Schiff, 1:292–93; Goren, New York Jews,pp. 196–98; Will Herberg,
“The Jewish Labor Movement in the United States,” American Jewish Year
Book 53 (1952): 20.
86.Reel 1978, J. Magnes to B. Schlesinger, 29 June 1915, C. Heineman to Schiff, 2
July 1915; Magnes papers, P 3/1593, J. Magnes to Schiff, 25 May 1915, Schiff
to J. Magnes, 26 May, 3 June 1915, to R. Easley, 3 June 1915; NYT,2 July 1915.
87.Magnes papers, P 3/1593, Schiff to J. Magnes, 4 July 1915, J. Magnes to Schiff,
7 July 1915.
88.Reel 1979, Cloak Manufacturers Association file, 1916; NYT,29, 30 Apr., 10
May, 28 June 1916; Melech Epstein, Jewish Labor in U.S.A., 2 vols. (New York,
1969), 2:28–33.
89.Dearborn Independent, The International Jew, vol 2 (Dearborn, Mich., 1921), pp.
137–48; Reznikoff, Marshall, 1:38–43; Goren, New York Jews,chap. 10.
90.Reel 22, Schiff and J. Goldman to C. Hallgarten and J. Plotke, 12 Nov. 1901;
Cohen, Encounter with Emancipation, pp. 34–39.
91.In AH, 22 July 1904.
92.Reel 22, Schiff to J. Goldman, 13 Jan. 1892, to M. Isaacs, 25 Oct. 1888, to D.
Lubin, 20 Apr. 1891; Osofsky, “Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society,” p. 175; Pro-
ceedingsof the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1883,’ p. 1417,
1884, p. 1453; Joseph, Baron de Hirsch Fund, pp. 49, 127–29; Irving A. Mandel,
“The Attitude of the American Jewish Community toward East European Im-
migration,” American Jewish Archives 3 (June 1950): 13–16, 24. Privately, Schiff
made contributions and paid visits to individual colonies—see, for example,
Joseph Brandes, Immigrants to Freedom(Philadelphia, 1971), p. 83. For the im-
provement of traffic facilities and freight rates to Woodbine, he used his con-
nections with the Pennsylvania Railroad. Reel 22, Schiff to S. Rea, 17 May
1916, M. Kohler to M. Schiff, 14 Oct. 1925; reel 692, Schiff to F. Thomson, 10
Nov. 1893.
93.American Israelite, 8 Dec. 1910; Cohen, Encounter with Emancipation, p. 320.
94.Reel 22, Schiff to J. Hill, 25 Aug., 5 Oct. 1891, 3 June 1892; reel 23, Schiff to J.
Hill, 20 July, 12 Aug., 12 Sept. 1891; Adler, Schiff, 2:87–88; Albro Martin,
James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest(New York, 1976), pp. 438–39.
95.Reel 22, J. Rosenwald to Schiff, 11 Sept. 1916; reel 23, Schiff to C. Spivak, 27
Nov. 1905; reel 692, Schiff to J. Krauskopf, 14 June 1918; reel 1978, Schiff to
G. Deutsch, 12 May 1915; Brandes, Immigrants to Freedom, chaps. 4–6; Joseph,
Baron de Hirsch Fund, pp. 71–82; NYT,6 Dec. 1915, 30 Nov. 1916.
96.AH, 31 Oct. 1890; reel 683, Schiff to M. de Hirsch, 23 Oct. 1891. In 1891,
Schiff became involved in the Russian Transportation Fund, a new agency for
the removal of immigrants from the cities. Reel 22, Schiff to K. Haas, 5 Nov.
1891; Joseph, Baron de Hirsch Fund, p. 39.
97.Reel 23, Schiff to S. Wolf, 29 Dec.1890; AH, 17, 31 Oct. 1890; Joseph, Baron
de Hirsch Fund, p. 184.
98.Reel 683, Schiff to M. de Hirsch, 23 Oct. 1891; reel 693, Schiff to E. Cassel, 14
Oct. 1891; Sheldon M. Neuringer, “American Jewry and the United States
Immigration Policy” (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1969), pp. 20–26.
99.Joseph, Baron de Hirsch Fund, p. 71; reel 23, Schiff to M. Sulzberger, 27 Sept.
1906.
Notes to Chapter 3 273