1929), 2:115. For alerting Americans to Russian atrocities, Schiff contributed
to the publication of the memoirs of Russian Minister Urusov.
9.Reel 22, Schiff to J. Pulitzer, 13 July 1891, to O. Straus, 18 June 1891, 31 May
1902; Adler, Schiff, 2:116; Cohen, Dual Heritage, p. 63; Ira Robinson, ed.,
Cyrus Adler: Selected Letters, 2 vols. (Philadelphia, 1985), 2:39; on Kennan, see
Max M. Laserson, The American Impact on Russia(New York, 1962), pp.
372–80.
10.Reel 22, Schiff to P. Cowen, 16 July 1892, to C. Stover, 3 Feb. 1892, Schiff’s
speech to the Chamber of Commerce, 4 Feb. 1892; AH, 12 Feb. 1892; Cohen,
Dual Heritage, p. 65; Cowen, Memories of an American Jew, p. 319.
11.For example, reel 22, Schiff to P. Nathan, 21 July 1903.
12.Reel 22, Schiff to E. Cassel, 20 Jan. 1891, to P. Warburg, 25 Oct. 1900; reel
685, Schiff to P. Warburg, 23 Dec. 1895; Adler, Schiff, 2:122.
13.Adler, Schiff, 2:122–23; reel 679, Schiff to G. Wilenkin, 8 Oct. 1908.
14.Elting E. Morison, ed., The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, 8 vols. (Cambridge,
Mass., 1951–54, 2:885, 3:524–25, 657.
- Reel 679, T. Roosevelt to Schiff, 27 Oct. 1902; Cohen, Dual Heritage, pp. 123–26.
16.Reel 694, Schiff to E. Cassel, 11 Nov. 1908; reel 1985, Schiff to S. Wolf, 30
Aug. 1918; Cohen, Dual Heritage, pp. 123, 131–32, 147–48; Morison, Letters of
Roosevelt, 7:471; Adler, Schiff, 2:71–72.
17.Reel 679, Schiff to P. Nathan, 10 Oct. 1902, 26 Jan. 1904; reel 681, Schiff to N.
Leven, 28 Oct. 1902; Morison, Letters of Roosevelt, 4:859; AH, 4 Nov. 1904;
Cohen, “American Jewish Reactions to Anti-Semitism,” p. 35; E. Digby
Baltzell, The Protestant Establishment (New York, 1964), pp. 151, 153.
18.For example, reel 679, Schiff to P. Nathan, 26 Jan. 1904.
19.NCRSRM papers (AJHS archives), Box 3 I-5: N. Joseph to C. Sulzberger, 26
Apr. 1906; reel 679, Schiff to J. Hay, 19, 21 May 1903; reel 680, Schiff to T.
Roosevelt, 7 June 1903; reel 22, Schiff to I. Straus, 5 May 1903, to P. Nathan, 2
June 1903, to T. Roosevelt, 6 Aug. 1903.
20.Reel 22, Schiff to H. Sabsovich, 13 May 1903; Taylor Stults, “Roosevelt, Russ-
ian Persecution of Jews, and American Public Opinion,” Jewish Social Studies
33 (Jan. 1971): 13–22.
21.Cohen, Dual Heritage, pp. 127–30; Stults, “Roosevelt, Russian Persecution of
Jews,” pp. 17–19; reel 22, Schiff to S. Low, 18 May 1903, to P. Nathan, 2 June,
21 July 1903, to N. Leven, 26 June 1903, to C. Adler, 21 July 1903; American
Israelite, 10 Feb. 1892.
22.Isidore Singer, ed., Russia at the Bar of the American People(New York, 1904),
pp. 142–61; Arnold White, “The Jewish Question: How to Solve It,” North
American Review, no. 178 (Jan. 1904): 10–24.
23.Reel 684, Schiff to L. Wiley, 9 Aug. 1903; reel 22, Schiff to T. Roosevelt, 6
Aug. 1903, T. Roosevelt to Schiff, 13 Aug. 1903; Singer, Russia at the Bar, pp.
161–64; American Israelite,23 July 1903, 4 Feb. 1904; AH7, 14 Aug. 1903.
24.American Israelite, 6 Aug. 1903; reel 22, Schiff to C. Adler, 4 June 1903, T.
Roosevelt to Schiff, 13 Aug. 1903.
25.Reel 681, Schiff to K. Kaneko, 10 Feb. 1905; Robinson, Cyrus Adler, 2:38;
Herman Bernstein in AH, 8 Oct. 1920; Naomi W. Cohen, Encounter with
Emancipation(Philadelphia, 1984), p. 236.
Notes to Chapter 4 275