Maurice Simon, ed., Speeches, Articles and Letters of Israel Zangwill (London,
1937), pp. 290–91; “Jewish Territorial Organization: in Encyclopedia of Zionism
and Israel,ed. Raphael Patai, 2 vols. (New York, 1971), 2:636–37; for this and
the next three paragraphs see Marinbach, Galveston,pp. 6–22.
23.Reel 679, Schiff to I. Zangwill, 17 Oct., 21 Nov. 1905; reel 692, Schiff to I.
Zangwill, 7 July, 11 Nov. 1909; reel 694, Schiff to G. Meyer, 1 May 1914; reel
23, Schiff to M. Sulzberger, 26 Sept. 1906; Schiff to C. Sulzberger, 12 July
1909; Naomi W. Cohen, A Dual Heritage (Philadelphia, 1969), pp. 139–41.
24.Ronald Sanders, Shores of Refuge (New York, 1988), p. 247; Simon, Speeches of
Zangwill,p. 290; NYT,27 Oct. 1907; Fein, “Israel Zangwill and American
Jewry,” p. 29; reel 23,Schiff to I Zangwill, 28 May 1908.
25.Reel 22, Schiff to P. Nathan, 27 Aug., 5, 20 Dec. 1906, 3 Jan. 1907; Henry
Cohen, The Galveston Immigration Movement, 1907–1910 (n.p. [1910]), cour-
tesy of Abraham Karp.
26.Ibid., pp. 8–9;Marinbach, Galveston, chap. 3; reel 678, Schiff to J. Billikopf, 2
May 1910; reel 22, Schiff to I. Zangwill, 29 Aug. 1912.
27.Reel 692, I. Zangwill to A. Meyerowitz, 21 Oct. 1920. The summary of
Schiff’s activities as administrator is culled from Marinbach, Galveston,and
from numerous letters in the Schiff papers. The quotation is from reel 693,
Schiff to I. Zangwill, 1 Feb. 1910.
28.Reel 22, Schiff to D. Bressler, 5 July 1907; reel 684, Schiff to I. Zangwill, 20
Mar. 1913; reel 692, Schiff to C. Sulzberger, 15 July 1907; Fein, “Israel Zang-
will and American Jewry,” p. 23.
29.Reel 22, Schiff to I. Zangwill, 16 Oct. 1906, to P. Nathan, 5, 20 Dec. 1906;
Fein, “Israel Zangwill and American Jewry,” p. 33; Joseph Brandes, Immigrants
to Freedom (Philadelphia, 1971), pp. 256–58.
30.Reel 22, Schiff to I. Zangwill, 18 Oct. 1907, 23 Aug. 1910, 13 Oct., 21 Nov.,
1911, 20 Feb, 7 May, 22 July 1912; reel 678, statement by Jacob Billikopf on
Galveston.
31.Marinbach, Galveston,pp. 45–49, 53–55, 128–29, 149–55; reel 22, Schiff to O.
Straus, 8 Dec. 1908, to F. Philippson, 13 Feb. 1913, to I. Zangwill, 13 Feb., 13
May 1913.
32.Marinbach, Galveston,chap. 4; AJC archives, Immigration/Galveston file, B.
Cable to W. Bennet, 28 July 1910; Cohen, Galveston Immigration Movement,
p. 7.
33.Reel 22, Schiff to I. Zangwill, 23 Aug. 1910, 22 July 1912, to S. Wolf, 30 Aug.
1910, to C. Norton, 29 Aug. 1910; Cohen, Dual Heritage,pp. 178–80; Morton
Rosenstock, Louis Marshall (Detroit, 1965), p. 55; Marinbach, Galveston,pp.
65–67, 87–90, 109.
34.Reel 22, Schiff to D. Bressler, 30 Aug. 1910, to M. Kohler, 19 Oct. 1910, to I.
Zangwill, 11 Jan. 1911, M. Kohler to M. Schiff, 14 Oct. 1925; reel 683, Schiff
to C. Norton, 16 Dec. 1910; Proceedings of the Union of American Hebrew
Congregations, 1911, pp. 6617–34; Marinbach, Galveston, pp. 110–12; NYT,
19 Oct. 1910.
35.Marinbach, Galveston, chaps. 6–9; reel 692, Schiff to I. Zangwill, 30 Aug.
1909; Galveston Immigration Plan papers (AJHS archives), Box 1, Schiff to D.
Bressler, 1 Apr. 1914, to S. Wolf, 22 Apr. 1914, D. Bressler to Schiff, 15 June
Notes to Chapter 5 281