6.Reel 680, CA MSS, pp. 996–97; NYT,26 Nov., 1 Dec. 1916; AH,1 Dec. 1916;
reel 1977, Schiff to M. Thomason, 4 Jan. 1915, to K. Takahashi, 6 Jan. 1915, to
M. Schiff, 9 Oct. 1914; reel 681, CA MSS, pp. 996–99; reel 684, Schiff to C.
Eliot [Apr. 1916]; reel 1981, Schiff to K. Takahashi, 21 June 1916; Priscilla M.
Roberts, “A Conflict of Loyalties,” in Studies in the American Jewish Experience,
vol. 2, ed. Jacob R. Marcus and Abraham J. Peck (Lanham, Md., 1984), p. 9.
7.Reel 679, Schiff to E. Cassel, 9 Mar. 1898; reel 680, Schiff to M. Bonn [Dec.
1914]; reel 1977, S. Levinson file; reel 1981, Schiff to W. Bryan, 28 Aug. 1914,
to N. Toy, 30 Dec. 1914, to W. Wilson, 19 Nov. 1914, to R. Schiff, 3 May
1916; reel 1978, New York Peace Society file, Schiff to R. Thompson, 3 Dec.
1915, to E. Marshall, 15 Feb. 1915; reels 1980 and 1984, League to Enforce
Peace files; Merle Curti, Peace or War (New York, 1936), pp. 212–14; New
York Peace Society Yearbook,1911–18; NYT,1 Nov. 1914, 9 Feb., 26 Mar., 18
June, 25 July, 27 Dec. 1915, 28 May, 27 Nov. 1916, 26 Jan. 1917; AH,1 Dec.
1916; Cyrus Adler, Jacob H. Schiff,2 vols. (Garden City, N.Y., 1929), 2:178.
8.Reel 1977, Schiff to K. Takahashi, 7 Oct. 1914; reel 1979, Schiff to K. Takaha-
shi, 18 June 1915; reel 685, Schiff to B. Fleisher, 19 Dec. 1916.
9.Reel 1977, F. Chadwick, C. Bernheimer, and S. Levinson files; reel 1978, M.
Malevinsky to Schiff, 11 Nov. 1915; reel 1982, W. Short to Schiff, 3 Apr. 1917.
10.Reel 23 (JTS archives), Schiff to S. Schechter, 28 June 1911; reel 679, Schiff to
W. Guthrie, 6 Oct. 1915, to A. Zimmerman, 19 Oct. 1914; reel 690, Schiff to
W. Hewitt, 7 Feb. 1912, to A. White, 8 Jan. 1912; reel 1977, Schiff to L. Mar-
shall, 26 Oct. 1914, to L. Wolf, 14 June 1915, L. Marshall to Schiff, 30 Oct.
1914; Paul Arnsberg, Jakob H. Schiff (Frankfurt, 1969), pp. 51–54; Adler, Schiff,
2:17–18, 33, 37–38, 180, 293–95, 325–26; Naomi W. Cohen, A Dual Heritage
(Philadelphia, 1969), p. 4.
11.Reel 1977, Schiff to J. Noeggerath, 1 Sept. 1914, T. Harris to Schiff, 4 Dec.
1914; reel 22 (JTS archives), Schiff to M. Warburg, 22 Sept. 1915; reel 679,
Schiff to P. Nathan, 14 Oct. 1914; Roberts, “Conflict of Loyalties,” p. 7.
12.Reel 1977, Schiff to J. Wilson, 17 Sept. 1914; reel 1978, correspondence with
J. von Bernstorff, Sept. 1915; reel 689, Schiff to M. Boardman, 28, 31 Aug.
1914; Senate Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, Brewing and
Liquor Interests and German Propaganda,65th Cong., 3rd sess., 1919, 2:1448.
13.When Dernburg indulged in public remarks that sounded too callous, Mar-
shall and others recommended that Schiff call off a scheduled appearance by
the German at the YMHA. Reel 1977, L. Marshall to Schiff, 14 Oct., 14 Dec.
1914; Adler, Schiff, 2:189–90; reel 1978, Schiff (a) file, Feb. 1915; reel 679,
Schiff to A. Zimmermann, 19 Oct. 1914; Joseph Rappaport, “Jewish Immi-
grants and World War I” (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1951), p. 144n.
14.Frederick C. Luebke, Bonds of Loyalty(De Kalb, Ill., 1974), pp. 90–91, 122,
161–62, 128, 229; reel 1977, Schiff to H. Muensterberg, 11 Nov. 1914, H.
Muensterberg to Schiff, 18 Nov. 1914, M. Jastrow to Schiff, 15 Dec. 1915; reel
690, Schiff to G. Viereck, 28 Dec. 1916; Leo P. Ribuffo, The Old Christian
Right(Philadelphia, 1983), pp. 21, 187.
15.Reel 679, Schiff to A. Zimmermann, 19 Oct. 1914; reel 1978, Schiff to G. Vie-
reck, 26 May 1915; reel 1980, Schiff to J. Magnes, 13 June 1916.
16.Reel 1977, Schiff to J. Noeggerath, 1 Sept. 1914, to H. Muensterberg, 11 Nov.
Notes to Chapter 6 287