1914; reel 679, Schiff to A. Zimmermann, 19 Oct. 1914, to P. Nathan, 14 Oct.
1914; Adler, Schiff,2:192. Schiff also voiced his opposition to a German Jewish
desire to close the border to fugitive Jews from the east. Reel 1980, Schiff to
M. Warburg, 19 May 1916.
17.Senate Subcommittee, Brewing and Liquor Interests, 1:3–6, 2:1388–89,
1986–90, 1993–97; unsorted Schiff papers (American Jewish Archives), Schiff
to M. Warburg, 9 Oct., 25 Nov., 15 Dec. 1914, 28 Jan., 16 Feb., 22 Sept. 1915;
reel 697, Schiff to M. Warburg, 2 May 1916; Roberts, “Conflict of Loyalties,”
pp. 10–14, 21; John Kobler, Otto the Magnificent (New York, 1988), pp. 86–89;
NYT,26 Mar. 1915; Ron Chernow, The Warburgs(New York, 1993), p. 166.
The firm also turned down a request by the Hamburg-American line to buy
some of its ships stranded in American ports. NYT,19 Feb. 1915.
18.Unsorted Schiff papers, Schiff to M. Warburg, 5 Nov. 1915; reel 694, M. War-
burg to Schiff, 12 Feb., 10 Oct. 1915; reel 1980, Schiff to J. Magnes, 13 June
1916.
19.Unsorted Schiff papers, Schiff to M. Warburg, 5 Nov. 1915, to P. Nathan, 16
Feb. 1915.
20.Joseph Rappaport, “The American Yiddish Press and the European Conflict in
1914,” Jewish Social Studies 19 (July–Oct. 1957): 113–19; reel 1977, L. Mar-
shall to Schiff, 14 Oct., 14 Dec. 1914; Charles Reznikoff, ed., Louis Marshall, 2
vols. (Philadelphia, 1957), 2:511. Louis Marshall, then president of the AJC,
took issue with the Jewish posture. Urging strict neutrality, he claimed that
only strict nonpartisanship could gain a hearing for the rights of Jews in post-
war Europe.
21.Reel 1981, Schiff to C. Eliot, 14 Mar. 1917.
22.Reel 689, Schiff to E. Wadsworth, 10 Jan. 1917, to M. Warburg, 25 Nov. 1914;
Ron Chernow, The House of Morgan(New York, 1990), pp. 195–200; Kobler,
Otto the Magnificent, p. 88; NYT,25, 26, 27, 30 Nov., 1 Dec. 1916; Adler, Schiff,
2:193–201.
23.Levene, War, Jews, and the New Europe, pp. 56–59; Stephen Gwynn, ed., The
Letters and Friendships of Sir Cecil Spring-Rice,2 vols. (Boston, 1929), 2:148,
201, 242, 245, 286, 309, 312, 373; Jacob H. Schiff, “The Jewish Problem
Today,” Menorah Journal1 (Apr. 1915): 77.
24.Reel 1977, B. Richards to Schiff, 5 Nov. 1915; Cohen, Dual Heritage,pp.
236–37; Naomi W. Cohen, Not Free to Desist(Philadelphia, 1972), pp. 89–90;
Reznikoff, Marshall, 2:674, 900–903.
25.Judith Goldstein, “Ethnic Politics,” American Jewish Historical Quarterly 65
(Sept. 1975): 40–41.
26.Unsorted Schiff papers, Schiff to M. Warburg, 22 Sept., 10 Oct. 1914; Adler,
Schiff, 2:250–54; Roberts, “Conflict of Loyalties,” pp. 18–21; Chernow, The
Warburgs,pp. 167–69; NYT,29 Sept., 2 Oct. 1915; Kobler, Otto the Magnifi-
cent, p. 88; Levene, War, Jews, and the New Europe,p. 61; NYT,29 Feb. 1916. In
1916, Kuhn, Loeb floated a municipal loan for the municipality of Paris. Schiff
attempted to match this with similar loans to Germany, but the U-boat crisis
made that plan impossible. Reel 694, Schiff to M. Warburg, 11 Oct. 1916.
27.Carl H. Voss, ed., Stephen S. Wise (Philadelphia, 1969), p. 71; reel 684, Schiff to
I. Zangwill, 9 Apr. 1915; Day, 3 Oct. 1915.288 Notes to Chapter 6