2.NYT,23 Oct. 1918, 6 Jan., 10 June 1919; reel 1985, Schiff to J. Cushman, 30
Mar. 1920, to S. Tyng, 17 May 1920; reel 680, Schiff to J. Wadsworth, 22 Sept.
1919, to I. Zangwill, 27 Sept. 1918; reel 689, Schiff to M. Warburg, 19 Jan.
1920; Cyrus Adler, Jacob H. Schiff, 2 vols. (Garden City, N.Y., 1929), 2:206–7.
3.Reel 689, Schiff to J. Rosenwald, 21 Nov. 1918, J. Rosenwald to Schiff, 25
Nov. 1918; reel 1985, Schiff to J. Rosenwald, 6 Dec. 1918, J. Rosenwald to
Schiff, 9 Dec. 1918; entry for Schiff in Encyclopedia of American Biography
(1974).
4.Reel 1978, Schiff to C. Eliot, 4 May 1915; reel 1984, Schiff to T. Masaryk, 4
Nov. 1918, to M. Smith, 29 Nov., 3 Dec. 1918.
5.Reel 1985, Schiff to L. Marshall, 4 Nov. 1918; reel 1986, Schiff to I. Landman,
10 July 1919; AJC archives, “Minutes of the Executive Committee,” Sept.
1918–Dec. 1918, 6 Mar., 12 Oct., 16 Nov., 14 Dec. 1919, 10 Oct. 1920; Cen-
tral Zionist Archives (Jerusalem), Schiff to J. Mack, 21 July 1919; Charles Rez-
nikoff, ed., Louis Marshall, 2 vols. (Philadelphia, 1957), 1:290–94, 2:530–33,
585–93, 601–21; NYT,22 May 1919.
6.Reel 1986, Schiff to H. Schneiderman 17, 18 June 1919; NYT,12 Dec. 1918;
Cyrus Adler and Aaron M. Margalith, With Firmness in the Right (New York,
1946), pp. 152–53.
7.AJC archives, “Minutes of the Executive Committee,” Oct. 1918–Dec. 1919;
annual surveys in American Jewish Year Book for 1918-21, esp. vols. 21, 22; reel
1986, C. Adler to Schiff, 13 Aug. 1919, Schiff to S. Melamed, 11 June 1919, to
H. Schneiderman, 17 Mar., 17 June 1919, B. Richards to Schiff, 8 Dec. 1918,
31 May 1919.
8.Reel 684, Schiff to I. Zangwill, 23 Oct. 1919; Ira Robinson, ed., Cyrus Adler:
Selected Letters, 2 vols. (Philadelphia, 1985), 1:384; Naomi W. Cohen, Not Free
to Desist (Philadelphia, 1972), pp. 110–21.
9.Jacob R. Marcus, United States Jewry, vol. 4 (Detroit, 1993), p. 623; reel 684,
Schiff to I. Zangwill, 14 Aug. 1919; reel 1985, Schiff to J. Tumulty, 12 Dec.
1918, Schiff’s secretary to W. Graves, 30 Sept. 1918, Louis Marshall file a; reel
1986, AJC files a-b.
10.American Jewish Year Book 21 (1919–1920): 169–70, 279–82, 286–89, 22
(1920–1921): 266–68; reel 1985, Schiff to A. Sack, 11 Oct. 1918.
11.Cohen, Not Free to Desist, pp. 121, 127; AJC archives, “Minutes of the Execu-
tive Committee,” 9 Nov. 1918, 14 Dec. 1919. The State Department reported
that it had asked Denmark to ascertain the actual state of affairs.
12.Reel 1981, Schiff to L. Marshall, 9 Apr., 12 Nov. 1917; reel 1984, Schiff to S.
Mason, 18, 22 Nov. 1918; reel 1985, Schiff to Lord Swaythling, 30 Sept. 1918,
Russia file, L. Marshall to Schiff, 11 Sept. 1918; reel 1986, Russian Informa-
tion Bureau file, 1920; AJC archives, “Minutes of the Executive Committee,”
16 Nov. 1919; Adler, Schiff, 2:258–59.
13.AJC archives, “Minutes of the Executive Committee,” 16 Nov., 9 Dec. 1919,
14 Mar. 1920; Cohen, Not Free to Desist, p. 127; Morton Rosenstock, Louis
Marshall (Detroit, 1965), pp. 113–14; Willaim E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of
Prosperity (Chicago, 1958), pp. 68–69.
14.AJC archives, “Minutes of the Executive Committee,” 20 Oct. 1918, 16 Feb.
1919.298 Notes to Chapter 7