growing in Europe and America, 50,
77, 125; Herzl on, 236; in Japan, 34;
and Jew-Bolshevik equation, 243;
Kuhn, Loeb refusing business of
anti-Semites, 53; of Morgan, 24; in
Poland, 240; Protocols of the Elders of
Zion,244, 245; in Russia, 47, 126,
138; Schiff on Germany as birth-
place of, 193; secularization as con-
firming, 97; stereotypes of Jews, 52–
53; of Wall Street firms, 53;
Watson’s Georgia crusade, 54; of Ar-
nold White, 133; after World War I,
244–45, 249; during World War I,
201, 290n.40
Anti-Zionism: and the Balfour Declara-
tion, 235, 236; on eastern European
Jewish immigration, 154; of Reform
Jews, 178; Schiff as non-Zionist not
anti-Zionist, 182, 187
Armstrong committee, 27–28
Arnsberg, Paul, 252n.6, 262n.49
Asch, Sholom, 220
Assimilation, 8, 55, 98, 110–11, 162,
184
Associated Press, 143
Baghdad railway, 160, 172
Bakhmetev, Boris, 244
Balfour, Arthur, 234
Balfour Declaration, 234–37
Baltzell, E. Digby, 73
Banking reform, 29
Barnard College, 74–75
Baron de Hirsch Fund, 86–88; down-
towners criticizing, 108; eastern Eu-
ropean Jewish immigrants helped by,
84; in immigrant distribution, 121;
in Jewish wartime relief, 212; Schiff
on authorization of payments by, 61;
and Woodbine colony, 118
Barondess, Joseph, 97
Baruch, Bernard, 245
Basel program, 231, 234
Beard, Charles, 199
Benderly, Samson, 114
Benedict XV (pope), 213
Benefactors of the East Side, The(Gordin),
107
Bennet, William, 166
Ben Yehudah, Eliezer, 183, 226
Bernstorff, Johann von, 193
Bernstein, Herman, 134
Billikopf, Jacob, 213, 280n.19, 281n.30
Bingham, Theodore, 112, 156
Bischoffsheim & Goldschmidt, 11, 33
Black Americans, 71, 94
Blackstone, William, 175
Blackwell’s Island, 49, 65
Blaine, James, 126, 127
Bleichroeder, Gerson von, 51
Bliss, Tasker, 240
Blue Thursday (May 9, 1901), 17
B’nai B’rith: in Galveston movement,
161, 164; Industrial Removal Office
endorsed by, 122; on a representative
congress of American Jews, 109,
110, 111; in Taft White House
meeting on Russian treaty abroga-
tion, 147; in unrestricted immigra-
tion campaign, 157
Boas, Franz, 72
Bolshevik revolution, 242–44
Bonn, Max, 11
Bonn, William, 3–4
Borah, William, 239
Boxer Rebellion, 36
Brandeis, Louis D.: in American Jewish
Congress debate, 215, 218, 219, 220,
221, 223; asking support for interna-
tional Zionist institutions, 211; con-
sidered for needle trades’ labor arbi-
trator, 115–16; and National Union
for Jewish Rights program, 227–28;
Other People’s Money,32; on Provi-
sional Executive Committee for
General Zionist Affairs, 210; and
Schiff’s shift toward Zionism, 225,
231, 232; Schiff supporting Supreme
Court nomination of, 52, 219, 227;
Wilson considers for cabinet ap-
pointment, 32, 259n.9
Bressler, David, 164
Brisbane, Arthur, 246Index 303