Division of Information (Department
of Commerce and Labor), 121
Dmowski, Roman, 240
Dollar diplomacy, 36, 39
Draft (conscription), 202, 205
Dreyfus, Alfred, 125
Dropsie College (Philadelphia), 105
“Eastern Establishment,” 8
Eastern European Jewish immigrants,
82–123; agricultural colonization
schemes for, 117–19; American Jew-
ish Committee defending, 54; Amer-
ican Jews as ambivalent about, 153–
54; anti-Russian sentiment in World
War I, 195; anti-Semitism caused by,
85, 108, 221; Baron de Hirsch Fund
for, 86–88; conflict with German
Jewish leaders, 106–17; crime
among, 112; democratic leadership
desired by, 109–10; distribution
plans for, 119–23; elitism opposed
by, 82, 107, 109–10; as forming their
own organizations, 42; Galveston
plan for, 159–68; German American
Jews as models for, 44; gradually ad-
mitted to policy-making councils,
45; Jewish Theological Seminary
for, 96–106; in kehillahestablish-
ment, 112–15; in Lower East Side of
New York City, 83–84; Mexican set-
tlement proposed for, 168–71;
philanthropists’ view of, 121; Re-
form Judaism as alien to, 98; relief
for the ghetto, 88–96; removal from
the ghetto, 117–23; Schiff giving
idealized view of, 156; Schiff in
Americanization of, xii–xiii
Education: in Americanization, 89;
Christmas celebrations in public
schools, 49; Hebrew Free School As-
sociation, 48, 57; Hebrew Technical
Institute, 90–91, 203; Schiff on
Board of Education, 199; Schiff’s
support for Jewish, 79–81; Schiff’s
support for Jewish studies, 75–79,
266n.103
Educational Alliance, 99, 106
Einstein, Edwin, 52
El Arish, 178
Elazar, Daniel, 42
Elhanan, Rabbi Isaac, rabbinical semi-
nary, 80
Eliot, Charles W.: and American Jewish
Congress debate, 218; as anti-
German, 190; friendship with Schiff,
59, 78; on Jewish bankers, 52–53,
78, 135; on Jews’ contributions to
civilization, 77, 266n.109; and James
Loeb affair, 72, 73; unrestricted im-
migration supported by, 78, 157–58
Elitism: Americanization as inconsistent
with, 249; American Jewish Congress
as antielitist, 210, 216, 222, 248; in
campaign against new Russian com-
mercial treaty, 198; democratization
requiring elitist participation, 113;
eastern European immigrants oppos-
ing, 82, 107, 109–10; Jewish Social-
ists opposing, 205; Joint Distribution
Committee and, 211; NCRSRM as
elitist, 140; Roosevelt on, 131; in
Russian treaty abrogation campaign,
144; and Schiff’s kehillahspeech, 222;
Schiff’s leadership as elitist, xii, 43–
46, 88, 109, 112, 249; wartime relief
in opposition to, 213; Yiddish press
on democracy and, 107; Zionist op-
position to, 139, 177, 186, 210
Elkus, Abram, 214
Ellis Island, 84, 121
Emancipation, 48
Enelow, H. G., 246
England. SeeGreat Britain
Environmentalist approach to reform,
94
Equitable Life Assurance Society, 25–28FAZ (Federation of American Zionists),
176, 179, 224, 225
Federation of American Jewish Farm-
ers, 118
Federation of American Zionists (FAZ),
176, 179, 224, 225Index 305