Criminal Psychology : a Beginner's Guide

interviews with suspects in ways that do not effectively encourage the suspects to speak (see chapter 4), they will produce fewe ...

The effects of such training have usually been found to be weak. One reason for this could be that people may find it difficult ...

criteria-based content analysis In Germany in the 1950s the Supreme Court was concerned about relying on information provided (s ...

what research had been conducted to assess its accuracy. He said that there had been none, the main reason for this being that, ...

(speech) nature. Thus true memories should contain such types of information, whereas lies involve many more thought processes ( ...

A recent study in the USA focused not on direct speech (e.g. one person speaking to another) but on the language used in message ...

judgements but on counting up the cues, via video analysis, when the people were (i) lying and (ii) telling the truth.) These pe ...

This section on polygraphic lie detection tests will focus on the following topics: how to determine if a testing procedure can ...

criterion validity is the extent to which scores on the test actu- ally predict outcomes (e.g. how accurate the procedure is at ...

polygraph test would be aware that if reliable information sup- porting their innocence were available, they would not need to t ...

assessed. Of course, if there is such rock-solid evidence, a poly- graph lie-detection test may well be superfluous. Because gro ...

guilty suspect as innocent) were made in 10 per cent to 17 per cent of the cases.’ However, with regard to innocent suspects the ...

use of the polygraph in security screening Another problem with regard to the test error rates (mentioned above) relates to the ...

In this chapter’s earlier section on observing behaviour we noted that some research studies have found that certain aspects of ...

that are far from negligible. Even with training and experience (plus the most up-to-date equipment) people are typically far fr ...

eyewitness testimony In 2004 the author of this chapter was contacted by a solicitor (i.e. a legal representative) in Scotland w ...

knowledge of jurors and therefore that expert testimony on such matters is not required (the role of expert witnesses being to a ...

so specialist subjects they study in the last two years of school or college will cover the topic of eyewitness testimony, which ...

also found that witnesses to these real-life crimes who gave fuller descriptions were not more accurate. It found that these des ...

example, jurors or judges might mistakenly think that a confident witness should be relied on more than a non-confident witness. ...