mukonidine; (ii) C 18 - skeleton including gerinimbine, koenimbine, murrayacine, koenigine and
koenigicine (koenidine); and (iii) C 23 - skeleton containing mahanimbine, mahanimbicine, iso-
mahanimbicine, mahanine, mahanimbinine, murrayayazoline, murrayazolinine,
murrayazolidine, cyclomahanimbine and bicyclomahanimbicine. Other carbazole bases
include mukoline, mukolidine (C 13 group, from roots), mukonicine (C 18 from leaves), the
biogenetically significant mukonal (C 13 , stem-bark), mahanimboline (C 23 , root-bark), iso-
murrayazoline (C 23 , stem-bark). The leaves gave a coumarin glucoside, scopolin also.
Essential oil from leaves contained β-caryophylline, β-gurjunene, β-elemene, β-
phellandrene, β-thujene as major constituents.
The roots, bark and leaves are bitter, acrid, astringent, cooling, aromatic, demulcent,
depurative, anthelmintic, febrifuge, stomachic, appetising, carminative, antiinflammatory and
antiseptic. Aerial part is spasmolytic and antiprotozoal. Root is antiprotozoal, CVS active
and has effect on nictitating membrane. Leaf is hypoglycaemic (Hussain et al,1992).
ron
(Ron)
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