268 THE ARCHITECTURE

OF

HUMANISM

FAGE

Naturalism

andthephilosophyofrevolution.. 89

Formalitya

condition of successin

architectureasin

politics

......

89

Picturesqueness

isa form ofbeauty, andneed

notbe

foregone

...... 90

But thepicturesque

ideal,byitshostilitytotheformer

principle,isfatalto

design,anddestroysthesyntax

ofarchitecture..

. •

.91

Loosedesigndoesnotachievethebeauty

ofNature

.

92

AndthecultofNatureisthemark,notofa

natural,but

ofanexhaustedsociety... .92

CHAPTER IV

THEMECHANICAL

FALLACY

Materialismandmechanisticphilosophyinthenineteenth

century ......

94

Itsinfluenceonpainting,onliterature,and

onarchitecture

95

ItsprejudiceinfavourofGothic,qua

construction.

96

TndifTerence of Renaissance architects to mechanical

'truth' ......

,98

Mechanisticdefinitionsoftherelationofconstructionto t-../

architecturalbeauty;Architectureasgoodconstrue-

tiontruthfullyexpressed... .100

HowfarGreekorGothicarchitecturecanbecalled

'

good

construction'.

..

.

'

.. 102

Or

'

constructiontruthfully

expressed'.

.

.103

Beautycannotbeidentified

withsincereconstruction. 104

Butperhapsbothare

necessary? DiflScultiesofthisview 104

Architecturedefined
asthevividexpressionofstructural

function

..... .106

But

thevividnessmustbeamatterofappearanceandthe

functionamatteroffact,whiletheconverse

is

not

_^

necessary..

...
. log

Renaissancearchitecturetakes

advantageofthisdistinc-

tion,itappealsfromlogic

topsychology.. no

Historical necessity

and aesthetic advantage of this