tures in earlier times, who knew why walls looked as they did and had the structural soundness they needed.
Much of the destruction in Bam can be traced to failures of the construction systems
applied to specific structures, rather than failures of the material. The city is a striking
reminder that simple, unfired earth is a primary building material for many of the
world’s people and the medium for many precious cultural artifacts. Earth remains a
central building material, to be further explored and developed into innovative, sus-
tainable solutions for rebuilding the residential, cultural, institutional, and commer-
cial landscapes of communities devastated by natural disasters. Likewise, the lessons of
Bam point to a need for significant changes in public policy to encourage and imple-
ment disaster prevention and recovery plans, as well as creative sustainable building
strategies sensitive to geographical, climatic, and cultural conditions.Marefat...
Figure 9
Figure 10 Figure 11
Figure 12 Figure 13