The advent of sciencehas exposed forus a uniquepattern of the uni-
verse.Therewasatimewhentheearthwasconsideredtobethecenter
oftheuniverse,thatitwasstationary,andtheheavenlybodiesrevolved
aroundit.Thencameatimewhenthepeopleexploredthesolarsystem
throughthehelpofthetelescope;andso,theygavethesun,theprideof
place.Nowweknowthatoursolarsystemisbutaninsignificantfamily
of planets at the edge of the huge galaxy which we call the Milky Way.
Weseethemoonrotatingaroundtheearth,likeahappychilddancing
brightly around its mother. There are eight other planets, besides our
own earth,in the solarfamily; andfive of themhavesatellitesoftheir
own.MarsandNeptunehavetwomoonseach;Jupiterhastwelvemoons
andsatellites;SaturnhasnineandUranushasfivemoons.Allthemoons
andsatellitesrotatearoundtheirplanets.Andalltheseplanets,inturn,
rotate around the sun, which may be called the head of the family.
Now, let us trace back our steps before going further.Allthesestars,planets,andsatellitesaremadeofatoms.Andanatom
itself is just a miniature solar system. Formerly, it was believed that
atomswereimmutableentities,i.e.,theycouldnotbedivided.Nowthat
atomsareknowntohavesomanyparticles,thebeliefintheirindestruct-
ibilityhasbeenshatteredaway.Atomsconsistofanucleusandanum-
berofelectrons.Thenucleusisbuiltfromsimpleparticles:neutronsand
protons.Thenucleusislocatedatthecenteroftheatomandissurroun-
dedbyelectrons.Electrons revolve aroundthe nucleusin afixed orbit
much likeoursolar system.It should be mentionedhere, to makethe
picturemoreclear,thatthenucleusofanatomisaparticleofverysmall
radius,butof exceedinglygreatdensity. Inplainwords,all the atomic
mass(exceptanegligible fraction)isconcentratedinthenucleus, while
thesizeofthenucleusislessthanonehundredthousandthofthesizeof
anatom.Anddon'tforgetthatmorethan100,000,000atomscanbeput
sidebysideinonecentimeter.Now,aswehavestatedearlier,theatom
is a world in itself. The protons and neutrons behave as though they
wererotatingaroundtheirown axis,likerotating tops.Theirspinsug-
gests the idea of an internal rotation.
Thus,weseethatthereisasinglepatternofoperation,rightfromthe
smallest sub-atomic particles to the mighty solar system.