4.1.4 Summing up: influence of the UK policy on end-of-life options.................................
The previous paragraphs have outlined current UK policy in the waste and energy sectors. The expected influence
of the identified policy instruments on the development of the various end-of-life options that have been reviewed
in this study is presented in the Table 88. An arrow up means that the implementation of the given policy
instrument could favour the development of the relevant end-of-life option. On the contrary, an arrow down
means that the implementation of the policy instrument could hinder the development of the relevant end-of-life
option. Explanations are given below the table.
Table 88 Influence of the UK policy on the various end-of-life options reviewed in the study^Trend^ regarding^ the^ end‐of‐life^ options^
UK policy instruments Recycling Composting
Anaerobic
digestion
Pyrolysis Incineration Landfill1 Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme (^) ↗ ↗ ↘
2 Low Carbon Transition Plan (^) ↗ ↗ ↗ ↘
3 Renewables Obligation (^) ↗ ↗ ↗ ↗
4 Recycling and composting targets (^) ↗ ↗
↗ Encouraging^ the^ development^ of^ the^ concerned^ end‐of‐life^ option^
↘ Hindering^ the^ development^ of^ the^ concerned^ end‐of‐life^ option^
1 The Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme aims at reducing the biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills.
2 The Low Carbon Transition Plan promotes the use of energy recovery from waste.
3 The Renewables Obligation scheme forces electricity suppliers to source a growing proportion of the electricity they supply
from renewable sources including waste. This scheme therefore promotes the development of energy from waste.
4 The recycling and composting targets set up by the Government directly encourage the development of the recycling and
composting channels.
4.2 Relevance of findings in the UK context for paper and cardboard
In 2006 58% of the paper and board consumed in the UK was collected for recycling. The collection rate is
estimated to have grown by about 10% between 2003 and 2006 as illustrated in Figure 46. While around one-
third of the paper recovered consists of newspapers, periodicals and magazines, the majority of recovered paper
and board is collected from commercial and industrial companies. However, more and more paper is recovered
from households since municipal paper collections have nearly doubled since 2005 (WRAP, 2007 (a)).
Figure 46 The UK paper recovery (WRAP, 2007 (a))