(^564) NOTES
- Davidson, Black Man's Burden, p. 216.
- World Bank, Adjustment in Africa, p. 17. See also the Bank's World Development
Report 1997: The State in a Changing World. One difficulty with these numbers is that
the margin of error is huge. On the one hand, African authorities make up figures as
needed. On the other, all manner of parallel economic activities escape measurement.
Do these biases even out? - Kamarck, Economics of African Development, p. 17.
- H. J. Spiro, Politics in Africa, cited in Kamarck, Economics, p. 48.
- Davidson, The Black Man's Burden, p. 197.
- On all this, see Platteau, "Food Crisis in Africa."
- Ibid., p. 451.
- Some welcome this premature urbanization as the seedbed of modernity, democ
racy, and business enterprise. Cf. A. Frachon, "L'Afrique n'est plus rurale," Le monde,
10-11 November 1996. - Cf. Dasgupta, "Population, Poverty, and the Local Environment."
- J. C. McKinley, Jr., "Anguish of Rwanda Echoed in a Baby's Cry," N.T. Times, 21
February 1996, p. A-8. See also Howard W. French, "Migrant Workers Take AIDS
Risk Home to Niger," N.T. Times, 8 February 1996, p. A-3. - Havinden and Meredith, eds., Colonialism and Development, p. 276.
- Ibid., p. 278.
21.1 take this from Evelyn Waugh's account, Tourist in Africa, p. 98. - Ibid., p. 99.
- Roberts, "The Coercion of Free Markets," p. 224; also Davidson, Black Man's
Burden, p. 217. - An educated and traveled police captain in Mali, quoted in Biddlecombe, French
Lessons, p. 247. - George B. N. Ayittey, "The U.N.'s Shameful Record in Africa," Wall St. J., 26 July
1996, p. A-12. - According to Ayittey, the United Nations estimated that some $200 billion was
shipped from Africa to foreign banks in 1991 alone—equal to 90 percent of sub-
Saharan Africa's GDP. Ibid. - H. W. French, "Personal Rivals Fight to Finish in War in Zaire," NY. Times, 6
April 1997. - Barbara Crossette, "U.N., World Bank and IMF Join $25 Billion Drive for Africa,"
N.Y Times, 17 March 1996, p. A-6. The New York-based African Observer de
nounced the scheme as a charade, cooked up by Boutros Boutros-Ghali by way of pro
moting his campaign for renewal as secretary-general of the UN (if so, it didn't
help)—Ayittey, "U.N.'s Shameful Record." - NY. Times, 17 March 1996, p. A-6.
- These data from the World Bank, World Development Report 1994.
- As of 1993. Field, Inside the Arab World, p. 135, notes that the sum matched the
country's foreign debt as of that date, so that people were able to dream of owing
nothing. If they could put their hands on that money. - On this, see Abdelaziz, "Une économie paralysée."
- Field, Inside the Arab World, p. 134.
- Fisk, "Sept journées ordinaires," p. 7.
- Cardoso and Faletto, Dependency and Development, p. 216. In all fairness, the text
may read better in Spanish. - Matt Moffett, "Foreign Investors Help Brazil's Leader Tame Its Raging Infla
tion," Wall St. J., 15 December 1995, p. A-l. - Ibid. On the assumption that the quotes are translations, I have taken the liberty
of changing the language ever so slightly without changing the meaning.