Jänatä Party in 1980, with the aim of
transforming India into a Hindu state.
Its leader Lal Krishna Advani became a
popular hero through effectively staged
events such as the Räm-ÿila-yäträ
(collecting bricks for a Räma temple in
AYODHYÄ) in 1991, the Ektä-yäträ
(Unity Pilgrimage) in 1992, and finally
the destruction of the Babri Masjid in
Ayodhyä in December 1992, which
attracted worldwide attention and led
to major Hindu–Muslim riots through-
out India.Bhärgavas
Descendants of the Vedic sage Bhøgu,
one of the PRAJÄPATIS. The Bhärgavas
earned fame as a family of scholars/edi-
tors. The final redaction of the
MAHÄBHÄRATAis ascribed to them.Bhartøhari (450–510 CE)
Celebrated grammarian and poet,
whose Väkyapadïais the most impor-
tant work in the area of Indian philoso-
phy of language. He is also credited
with the composition of 300 didactic
verses contained in the Ÿøögära Ÿataka
(dealing with erotic matters); Nïti Ÿata-
ka (dealing with polity and etiquette);
and Vairägya Ÿataka (dealing with
renunciation).Bhäsa (third century CE)
Famous classical Indian dramatist,
author of Svapna-vasava-dattaand 12
other plays.Bhäskara (1) (11th century)
A celebrated mathematician and
astronomer, author of the Bïjagaæitaon
arithmetic, the Lïlävatïon algebra, and
the Siddhänta Ÿiromaæion astronomy.Bhäskara (2)
A Vedäntic teacher, professing a kind
of ADVAITAVEDÄNTA.bhasma
SeeASHES.bhaflfla
Honorific title for a learned BRÄHMAŒA
(2).Bhava
A Vedic deity connected with Ÿarva, the
Destroyer; also one of the eight names
of Ÿiva. (See alsoRUDRA.)bhäva
(‘feeling’, ‘condition’, ‘sentiment’)
An important concept in Hindu aesthet-
ics.Bhave, Vinoba (1895–1982)
Close collaborator of Mahatma GANDHI,
and his successor. In a historic pad-
yäträ(pilgrimage on foot) he traversed
India asking landowners to make a gift
of land (bhü-dän) for the landless. His
aim was to collect and distribute 50 mil-
lion acres. He shared Gandhi’s convic-
tion that India’s salvation had to come
from the villages and worked for gräm-
svaräj (village self-rule). He also initiat-
ed the Sarvodaya (‘universal welfare’)
movement and created the Sarva Seva
Sangh (universal service association).
Throughout he emphasized the religious
dimension of his activities and his inten-
tion to change hearts rather than bring
about an economic revolution.Bhavi•ya Puräæa
(‘Future Puräæa’)
A PURÄŒApresented as written in the
fifth century and purporting to deal with
future events of the Indian Middle ages,
including the Muslim invasion. Estimates
of the date of its composition range from
the 12th to the 19th centuries.bhaya (‘fear’)
A basic emotion dealt with in IndianBhärgavas 38Encyclo - Letter B 10/2/03 9:37 am Page 38