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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
2.0 PERSONAL HISTORIES, NATIONAL PASTS, AND REVOLUTIONARY
POETRY: CORIOLAN ARDOUIN AND IGNACE NAU IN HAITI OF THE 1830S ........ 30
2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 30
2.2 CORIOLAN ARDOUIN AND IGNACE NAU: PERSONAL HISTORIES,
PERSONAL POETRY ....................................................................................................... 42
2.3 PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PASTS AND THE MAKING OF NATIONAL
MYTHS 63
2.4 POEMS ABOUT THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION ....................................... 83
3.0 HAITI’S NATIONAL BARD WRITERS NATURE, LOVE, AND NATION:
THE RIRES ET PLEURS OF OSWALD DURAND ............................................................ 105
3.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 105
3.2 FRAMING A POETIC PROJECT ................................................................ 114
3.3 THE MAKINGS OF A NATIONAL POET AND THE VICISSITUDES OF
A COLLECTION ............................................................................................................. 124
3.4 NATURE .......................................................................................................... 138
3.5 LOVE ................................................................................................................ 149
3.5.1 Love made him a poet ................................................................................. 149