The Dictionary of Human Geography

ultimate engine of growth was thedivision of labour, the increasing elaboration of which drives productivity, which in turn dete ...

twentieth century under the Gold Standard regime. They also pointed to the concentra- tion of trade, investment and capital flow ...

economies of scope The cost advantages that may arise when performing two or more activities together within a single firm rathe ...

capitalist markets. This vision of a harmonious self-regulating capitalist economy, grounded in self-interested practices of eco ...

and management of human impacts on non- humannature. In the mid-twentieth century, ecological ‘managerialism’ underpinned the ex ...

the school they attend, but also the character- istics of their school and neighbourhood peers. Strongneighbourhood effectsoper- ...

considerable emphasis in electoral geography on theneighbourhood effect. In addition, the mobilization of voters is also at leas ...

respond to and intervene in such modalities could or perhaps should disrupthuman geo- graphy’s methodological and theoretical pr ...

of (interrelated) factors. First, there has been a resurgence of scholarly interest in the history and legacies ofcolonialism– o ...

is unabashedly empiricist, averring that scientific theories and hypotheses are verifiable only against the gold standard of emp ...

owners, though not to appropriate their property. By 1500, around half of England’s surface area was either already enclosed or ...

energy The capacity of a physical system for doing work. All species harness energy. Human beings harness, convert, release and ...

stresses Enlightenment, even enlightenments, as a socialprocessor processes. As study of the Enlightenment has become more diver ...

of critical political issues and as an object of historical and geographical study. cw Suggested reading Clark, Golinski and Sch ...

correspond to it. At one extreme, one macro- state (all 100 people in one region) has only one associated microstate, whereas th ...

factors, outside forces or random features. All creativity and productivity is assigned to first causes, in this case to environ ...

applied to environmental issues. Bosetti and Pearce (2003) demonstrate the application of environmental economics to conflicts b ...

of catastrophic events and their counterpoint, the notion of order in nature. pm environmental history Environmental his- tories ...

preservation and their embrace ofdeep ecol- ogy. Arguing against the anthropocentric/ bio- centricdistinctionthatmarkedcurrentth ...

anticipated environmental impacts prior to a proposed project, policy, programme or plan being implemented. The identification o ...