Disney TV production. The Philippine Animation Studio (PASI) was founded in 1990, and
it became the largest animation studio in the Philippines. PASI has developed original pro-
gramming in addition to doing service work, and its original programming has aired locally.
Top Draw was founded in 2000. By early in the twenty-first century some of the service work
that had been done in the Philippines was going to India and China, where it could be done
more cheaply. In the 1990s Tita Rosel, Ellen Ramos, Toger Tibon, and Kris Layug made films
dealing with modern issues.
Animation in Australia and New Zealand
Australia’s film history goes back to the nineteenth century, but animation came much later
to Australia. Harry Julius animated political pieces during World War I, but it was mostly
advertising that provided the occasional bit of work until the 1930s. The father of animation
in Australia was Eric Porter. Porter worked on advertising spots and began his first film,
Waste Not, Want Not, featuring Willie the Wombat, in 1937. It wasn’t released until after the
war. The animator joined Artransa Studios in 1956, organizing an animation department and
training other animators. Later he founded his own Eric Porter Productions, making series
for U.S. television and original series for Australia like The Yellow House.In 1973 Porter
made the first Australian animated feature,March Polo Jr. vs. the Red Dragon.
Walter and Wendy Hucker founded Air Productions International (API) in 1959 in
Sydney. By 1966 the company had made King Arthur & the Square Knights of the Round
Table, the first series created and produced entirely in Australia.A Christmas Carol, pro-
duced in 1969, was aired on the U.S. network CBS.
Yoram Gross, born in Poland, made his first animated filmChansons sans Parolesin
Israel in 1958. He left for Australia in 1968. In 1977 he released his first Dot feature,Dot
and the Kangaroo, combining 2D animated characters with live-action backgrounds. As
Yoram Gross-EM.TV, the company continued to make TV series (The Adventures of Blinky
Bill, Tabaluga).
Hanna & Barbera Australia was founded in 1972. Animation could be done more
cheaply in Australia than it could be done in the United States, and overseas studios could
help ease the workload of the U.S. studio during busy seasons. The Australian studio was
responsible for around 25 percent of the TV series work produced by the whole Hanna-
Barbera company in the 1970s, and it also produced specials for local Australian TV before
eventually closing in 1988.
Anne Jolliffe, who specialized in children’s animation, founded Jollification Cartoon in
- Burbank Films (now Burbank Animation Studios) has made animated versions of the
classics since the 1980s. Other companies that were active about that time were Fable Film,
Southern Star, Nicholson Cartoon Productions, Second Banana Films, and the ATAM
Animation Studios, which produced Kaboodlefor the Australian Children’s Television
Foundation.
In the early 1990s Energee Entertainment produced Crocadooand the feature The
Magic Pudding, Animation Works produced The Silver Brumbyand The New Adventures
311990sThe fin-syn rules in the United States are repealed, allowing television networks to own their own programming. The animation
industry in the United States consolidates, and major companies expand worldwide. Cable television expands as well.