26 Britain The Economist February 19th 2022
is opposed by Lord Goldsmith, an environ
mentalist close to the prime minister.
The deepest schism is over Mr John
son’s policy of “levelling up” poorer re
gions. The election in 2019 was followed by
an uneasy compact between southern Tory
incumbents, who prioritised tax cuts, and
newly elected northern mps, who demand
ed roads, railways and hospitals. It was
fused by electoral logic and Mr Johnson’s
ready charm. “Everyone read into Boris
their own ideological persuasion,” says a
former cabinet minister. As Mr Johnson’s
electoral appeal collapsed, so did the com
pact. The “levelling up” white paper, pub
lished on February 2nd, was too statist for
the libertarians but too skinny for the big
spenders. The tragedy of Mr Johnson, says
another former cabinet minister, is that he
had the instincts to build a new electoral
coalition. “But what he lacks is an intellec
tually coherent idea of how you form a
platform that can combine the various ele
ments of the Conservative tradition, and
keep them all on board.”
Well I drunk a lot of wine
Donors are disillusioned, too. They dug
deep to keep Mr Corbyn out of power: To
ries raised £19.4m ($26.3m) during the
campaign of 2019, or 63% of all donations
to political parties. John Armitage, a
hedgefund founder who has donated
more than £3m to the party, recently gave
£12,000 to Sir Keir’s office, in the hope of
supporting better opposition. Tory fund
raising will be hampered by “the sense of
sleaze, and winking, and lack of serious
ness, and an inability to do anything”, he
says. “I was asked to donate to the Conser
vatives at the end of last year, and I said:
‘Why would I do that?’” John Caudwell, the
founder of Phones4u, a nowclosed retail
er, gave £500,000 in 2019, but is undecided
whether to donate again. “I thought [Mr
Corbyn] would kill the country,” he says. A
Thatcherite donor is considering backing
an insurgent party in the hope of jolting Mr
Johnson to the right. “I feel almost as de
pressed now as I did in the 70s,” he says.
Mr Johnson came to office with radical
ambitions. But Mr Cummings was central
to those, and when he left, says a former
minister, “it was like taking the spinal gan
glia out of government”. An overhaul of the
planning regime was paused months ago.
After Partygate Mr Johnson ceded power to
backbenchers, inviting them to craft policy
through a series of committees. An anti
obesity campaign and mandatory covid19
vaccinations for healthcare workers have
been dropped. The promotions of Jacob
ReesMogg, the “Brexit opportunities”
minister, and Nadine Dorries, the culture
secretary, look more like a demonstration
of fealty to the party faithful than any ex
pectation of serious policymaking. In
Gamble’s phrasing, the politics of support
has triumphed over the politics of power.
A leadership ballot will be triggered if
15% of Conservative mps (that is, 54) sub
mit a letter of no confidence in Mr John
son. He would then need to win a majority
of his mps (that is, 181) to remain in office.
Backbenchers must calculate whether
their chance of holding their seats would
increase if they ditched him, and whether
the risks justify a divisive contest. That
moment has not been reached: only 15 have
publicly called for Mr Johnson to go, and
they are drawn from different wings of the
party. Still, a ballot may come if the police
fine him, or if the party does awfully in lo
cal elections in May.
Downing Street would probably func
tion better under a new leader. Rishi Su
nak, the chancellor, would be “effectively
presidential rather than parody presiden
tial”, says one admirer. Liz Truss, the for
eign secretary, and Jeremy Hunt, a former
health secretary, are in the running; both
are more diligent administrators than Mr
Johnson. A successor would probably wish
to reassert the ministerial code that sup
posedly regulates the government’s behav
iour but has been neglected by Mr Johnson,
and ditch some of the coarseness. (Mr Su
nak disowned the remarks about Savile.) A
short honeymoon would follow.
The unruliness and strategic dilemmas
would remain, however. The frontrun
ners’ cvs would suggest a reversion to the
lowtax, smallstate conservatism that is
gospel to party activists. Mr Sunak claims
to be a fiscal disciplinarian; Ms Truss, to be
a disciple of Thatcher. Running against Mr
Johnson in 2019, Mr Hunt promised to
slash corporation tax. But geography is
destiny, and the 2019 intake accounts for
more than a quarter of the parliamentary
party. “I can’t see Rishi backing off level
ling up for one second,” says a supporter.
“If the party turns back now it will split be
tween its old and new coalitions,” says Will
Tanner of Onward, a thinktank that stud
ies new Tory voters. A battle to offer John
sonism without Johnson would ensue.
The root of Tory misery is in being, at
heart, a smallstate party in an increas
ingly bigstate world. By the next election
public debt will be 95% of gdp. The tax bur
den is already at its highest, as a share of
gdp, since the 1950s, and is scheduled to
rise further. A row over raising payroll tax
es to fund health care is a foretaste of the
decade to come: according to the Resolu
tion Foundation, another thinktank, state
spending will be 44% of gdp by 2030. The
task, says Mr Tanner, is to find policies that
satisfy both camps, delivering social re
form for less money. That would take focus
and imagination hitherto absent.
He can kick like a mule
Mr Johnson hangs on in part because Tory
members still think him fit for the job by a
margin of two to one, according to YouGov,
a pollster. And divided as it is, the party
cannot settle on a successor or a policy
agenda to replace him. Doubts linger about
Ms Truss’s capacity for the top job, and
about Mr Sunak’s greenness. First elected
in 2015 before a rapid promotion, he has
never appeared on “Question Time”, a row
dy television debate show that is a proving
ground for ministers, notes a colleague.
His views on criminal justice, education
and much else are unclear. “He will have to
develop a platform very, very quickly,” says
a former minister. Yet saying anything de
finite is risky in a party so fragmented.
Tory mps are unhappy with Mr Johnson.
But rid of the external terrors of 2019,
grown tolerant of low standards and con
tent to see difficult reforms parked, they
may not be sufficiently miserable to re
move him. He is too weak to rule its fac
tions; they are too weak to oust him.Anex
hausted party can sustain an unsuitable
prime minister for quite some time.n