The Essentials of Biostatistics for Physicians, Nurses, and Clinicians

214 Subject Index

Selection bias ix

Semi-parametric method 174

Sensitivity 82, 83

Signifi cance level 18, 73, 127, 149

Sign test 148, 149, 150

Simple random sample 8, 18, 32, 58,

105

Simpson’s paradox 129

Skewed 44

Slope estimate 101, 122

Spearman’s rank-order correlation

coeffi cient 150, 151, 154, 157

Specifi city 82, 83

Standard deviation 16, 47, 48, 62, 76,

80

Standard error of the estimate 103

Stem-and-leaf diagram 38

Stepwise selection 112, 122

Sum of absolute errors 105

Sum of squares error 102

Superiority test 84, 96, 97, 99, 101,

122, 123, 124, 170

Surveys 11, 16

Survival analysis 4, 139, 158, 160

Survival curves 7, 160, 164, 166

Survival distributions 168

Survival models 139

Survival probability 159, 161, 162

Symmetric 44

Systematic sampling 32

Test for independence 128, 133, 134,

141

Time series 2, 87

Time-to-event data 159

Toeplitz matrix 87

Treatment 13

T-test 4, 10, 75

2x2 contingency table 128, 130, 135,

138, 139, 141

Type I error 18, 73, 82, 83, 88

Type II error 18, 73, 82, 83, 88

Unbiased 15, 61

Unbiased estimate 111

Uniform random numbers 20, 21

Variance 111, 145

Wald statistics 121

Wald test 121

Weibull curve 158

Weibull model 169

Whiskers 38, 40

Wilcoxon rank-sum test 146, 147, 149,

154

Wilcoxon signed-rank test 149

Wilk-Shapiro test 148

Withdrawal 163

Y-intercept 96

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