I n d e x 613
Penn State Worry Questionnaire, 134
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, 133
theory-guided, 128
three aspects of, 129f
Attention
narrowing of, 65–66
present-moment focus of, as antidote to worry, 437
Attentional Fixation Questionnaire, 92
Attentional safety processing, diminished, empirical
status of, 65–68
Attentional threat bias
automaticity of, modified Stroop for evaluating,
60, 61f
in cognitive model of anxiety, 55t
dot probe detection of, 62–64
emotional Stroop evaluation of, 59–62, 61f
empirical status of, 58–65
in GAD, 404–405, 409–410
gradient for, 64, 65f
in PTSD, 513, 519–520
state and trait anxiety and, 60
stimulus identification task assessment of, 64
Attentional training technique, procedure for,
217–219
Audio habituation training, 250
Autobiographical memory
PTSD and, 507
threat elaboration and, 90
Automatic processing, 34–36, 35t
in threat appraisal, 40
Automatic thoughts, 79; see also Intrusive thoughts,
Threat appraisal
initial, in schema activation, 141
in specific anxiety disorders, 80t
Automatic threat-relevant thoughts, 47–48
Automaticity, in fear module, 25
Autonomic arousal
heightened, 46–47
in OCD, 460
perceived, assessing, 144–145
Autonomic system
perception of danger and, 33
responses of, 17–18
Autonomy
cognitive therapy and, 43
defined, 42–43
determining individual vital interests in, 43
PTSD and, 509
threats to, 43t
Avoidance, 83–84; see also Cognitive avoidance
in acceptance and commitment therapy, 224
in acute stress disorder, 496t
behavioral, 146
disadvantages of, 194
dysfunctional, 190
panic attacks and, 279
in panic disorder, assessment of, 311–312
in PTSD, 493, 494t, 516, 524, 535
role of, 193–194
situations provoking, 140
in social phobia, 336–337
Avoidance behavior, conditioning theory and, 23
Avoidance hierarchy, in OCD, 474
Avoidant personality disorder
DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for, 340t
social phobia and, 340–341bBeck Anxiety Inventory, 131–132
Beck Depression Inventory—II, 135
Behavioral avoidance, 146
Behavioral change, directed, characteristics of,
256–258, 256t
Behavioral escape, 83–84
Behavioral experiments; see also In vivo exposures,
Empirical hypothesis theory
in OCD therapy, 482–483
in panic disorder treatment, 318–319
Behavioral interventions, 234–272
cognitive perspective on, 236–238
exposure interventions, 238–251
bodily sensations, 250–251
general guidelines for, 239–246
imaginal, 247–250
purpose of, 239t
situational (in vivo), 246–247 (see also In vivo
exposures)
forms for, 268–272
importance of, 235–238
prescription for, 237
quick reference summary for, 272
relaxation training in, 258–266
with applied relaxation, 264–266
with breathing retraining, 266
with progressive muscle relaxation, 259–264
response prevention in, 251–258
with alternative coping responses, 255
with “blocking” strategies, 254
by challenging problematic cognitions, 255
by identifying maladaptive coping/neutralization,
252
by preparing client for heightened anxiety,
253–254
by providing rationale, 252–253
self-monitoring of, 237
summary and conclusion, 266–267
Behavioral observation, in assessment of fear
response, 136
Behavioral rehearsal, 257–258
Behavioral Responses to Anxiety Checklist, 171–172,
311, 368
Behavioral schemas, 45, 45t; see also Schemas; Self-
schemas
Behavioral theories, 23–26
conditioning theories, 23–25
fear module, 25–26