620 Index
Mastery of Your Anxiety and Worry, 193
Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, 472
McLaughlin, Mignon, 3
McLuhan, Marshall, 127
Medical morbidity/mortality, increased, with panic
disorder, 285–286
Medications, for anxiety, 4
Meditation, mindfulness, 223
Memory
anxious
reprocessing of, 221–222
in social phobia, 359–360
autobiographical
PTSD and, 507
threat elaboration and, 90
automatic bias in, 34–35
declarative, fear response and, 20–21
faulty retrieval of, in PTSD, 512–513, 520–521
fear, exposure interventions and, 238
implicit (see Implicit memory bias; Implicit
memory tasks)
traumatic, 35
in PTSD, 531
working (see Working memory)
Memory bias, explicit, threat elaboration and, 88–
90
Metacognition
defined, 219
of worry, in GAD, 403–404, 403t, 408–409
Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire, for GAD, 417
Metacognitive appraisal
in OCD, 460–461, 478–479
of worry in GAD, 420–422
Metacognitive beliefs, about worry, cognitive
restructuring of, 434
Meta-Cognitive Beliefs Questionnaire, 464
Metacognitive intervention, procedure for, 219–221
Metaworry, in GAD, 76–77, 404, 411–412, 421–422
Mindfulness meditation, 223
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, 222–225
Minimization, as processing error, 47
Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, 526
Mobility Inventory and Exposure Hierarchy, 311
Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia, 307
Mobilization, in response to threat, 82–83
Modeling, therapist, 257
Mortality, increased rate of, with panic disorder,
285–286
Motivational schemas, 45t, 46
Mowrer’s two-factor theory, 23–24, 24f
n
Narrowing of attention, 65–66
Nausea, faulty appraisal and threat-oriented schema
associated with, 145t
Nearsightedness, definition and examples, 169
Negative affect syndrome, 18–19
Negative affectivity, vulnerability to anxiety and,
103–104, 122–123
Neural circuity, specific, in fear module, 26
Neurobiology, of anxiety, 19, 29
Neuroticism
defined, 103
and vulnerability to anxiety, 103
Neurotransmitter systems, role in anxiety, 21–22
Neutralization
of coping responses, 252
in OCD, 466–467
forms of, 461–462
9/11, PTSD and, 3–4
Nocturnal panic attacks, 280t, 281–282
Numbing, in PTSD, 493, 494toObservation, behavioral, in assessment of fear
response, 136
Obsessions
versus appraisals, 478–479
characteristics of, 473t
emotions associated with, 473–474
Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, 117, 464
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
assessment and case formulation in, 469–476
avoidance hierarchy in, 474
case conceptualization in, 472–476
clinical illustration of, 475–476
diagnostic and symptom measures in, 469–472
process-oriented assessment of compulsions in,
474 – 475
process-oriented assessment of obsessions in,
473–474, 473t
automatic thoughts in, 79, 80t
belief structure of, 117–118
case illustration of, 446–447, 475–476
catastrophic interpretations, desired outcome, and
alternative interpretation, 212t
cognitive assessment and case formulation in,
469– 476
case conceptualization in, 472–476
diagnostic and symptom measures for, 469–472
process-oriented compulsion assessment in,
474 – 475
process-oriented obsession assessment in, 473–474
cognitive model of, 455–462, 455f
automatic processes in, 456, 458–459
cognitive processing errors in, 459–460
empirical status of, 462–469
heightened arousal and distress in, 460
overview of, 455–456, 455f, 457f–458f
schemas in, 456, 458–459, 459t
secondary elaborative processes in, 460–462
cognitive therapy of, 446–490
alternative explanation in, 481
behavioral experimentation in, 482–483