624 Index
Response prevention (cont.)
preparing client for heightened anxiety in, 253–254
rationale for, 252–253
self-initiated, clinical questions about, 152t
Response Prevention Record, 255–256, 270
Responsibility, in OCD, heightened sense of, 460,
463–465, 475, 479
Responsibility Attitudes Scale, 463
Responsibility Interpretations Questionnaire, 464
Restlessness, exaggerated faulty appraisal and threat-
oriented schema associated with, 145t
Risk
treating intolerance of, in GAD, 435–436
versus vulnerability, 102
Risk appraisals, faulty, 189
Rochefoucault, François de la, 332
Role plays
for determining first apprehensive thoughts,
143 –144
examples of, 257
Role-play feedback, for social phobia, 374
Rumination
defined, 515
in GAD, 411–412
in PTSD, 515, 522–523
in social phobia, 359–360
s
Safety
adaptive approach to, 189–190
diminished attentional processing of, empirical
status of, 65–68
in cognitive model of anxiety, 55t
GAD as unsuccessful search for, 414
Safety appraisals, modifying, 184–186
Safety behaviors
automatic, 146
defined, 149
in social phobia, 336–337, 368
Safety cues
normal anxiety and, 53
search for, 49
Safety elaboration, inhibited
in cognitive model of anxiety, 55t
empirical status of, 91–92
Safety information, inhibitory processing of, 36t,
38–39
cognitive therapy and, 39
Safety processing, diminished attentional, empirical
status of, 65–68
Safety reinterpretation, in panic disorder, 320–321
Safety scripts, in GAD treatment, 422–423
Safety signals
elimination of, during exposure interventions,
244–245
enhanced processing of, in low anxiety, 67–68, 67f
ineffective use of, in GAD, 405–406
reduced processing of, in high anxiety, 66–67, 67f
Safety-seeking behaviors
anxiety persistence and, 38–39
automatic, 85
catastrophic beliefs and, 66
deliberate, assessment of, 149–151
dysfunctional avoidance and, 190
eliminating, during exposure interventions, 246
enhanced processing of, 189–190
negative impact of, 95–96
in panic disorder, 305–306
assessment of, 311–312
extensive, 279
in PTSD, 516, 524
response prevention and, 251–258
role of, 193–194
in social phobia, 352, 358–359, 368
Saramago, José, 275
Schema activation, in therapy of panic disorder,
315–316
Schemas; see also Beliefs; Self-schemas
about physiological changes, 291–292
activation of, first apprehensive thoughts/images
and, 141–144
in assessment and case formulation for fear
response, 135–136
cognitive-conceptual, 45–46, 45t
in GAD, 402–404, 403t, 423–424
in OCD, 456, 458–459
in PTSD, 509–512, 511t–512t, 515
in social phobia, 350–351, 350t
threat-oriented, physical symptoms associated with,
145t
Schematic vulnerability hypothesis, for panic
disorder, 298–299
SCI D -I V; see Structured Clinical Interview for
DSM-I/NP; Structured Clinical Interview for
DSM-IV
Secondary reappraisal
in assessment and case formulation, 147–157
coping ability evaluation in, 148–149
of state of anxiousness, 86–99
Selective abstraction, as processing error, 47
Self, negative processing of, in social phobia,
351–352, 354–356
Self as context, defined, 224
Self-blame, in PTSD, 534
Self-confidence, defined, 48
Self-consciousness, cognitive, in OCD, 465–466
Self-efficacy
Bandura’s concepts of, 37–38
cognitive therapy and, 38
low perceived, vulnerability and, 114
strengthening, 187–189
Self-esteem, social phobia and, 114–115
Self-help treatment manuals, selected list of, 227
Self-instructional coping statements, 254
Self-monitoring
of behavioral interventions, 237
in cognitive interventions, 197–200
of compulsions, 474