440 Sensory and Working Memory
final accounting of these phenomena takes, it will undoubt-
edly provide insight into far more than simply remembering
over the short term. The study of transient memories is likely
to provide a clear window for understanding all forms of
memory, both short and long.
REFERENCES
Anderson, J. R., & Matessa, M. (1997). A production system theory
of serial memory. Psychological Review, 104,728–774.
Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A pro-
posed system and its control processes. In K. W. Spence & J. T.
Spence (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation
(Vol. 2, pp. 89–105). New York: Academic Press.
Averbach, E., & Coriell, H. S. (1961). Short-term memory in vision.
Bell Systems Technical Journal, 40,309–328.
Ayres, T. J., Jonides, J., Reitman, J. S., Egan, J. C., & Howard, D. A.
(1979). Differing suffix effects for the same physical suffix.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and
Memory, 5,315–321.
Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory.Oxford, UK: Oxford Uni-
versity Press.
Baddeley, A. D. (1996). Exploring the central executive. Quarterly
Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49A,5–28.
Baddeley, A. D. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of
working memory?Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4,417–423.
Baddeley, A. D., Gathercole, S. E., & Papagno, C. (1998). The
phonological loop as a language learning device. Psychological
Review, 105,158–173.
Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch. G. (1974). Working memory. In G. H.
Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation(Vol. 8,
pp. 47–89). New York: Academic Press.
Baddeley, A. D., Lewis, V. J., & Vallar, G. (1984). Exploring the ar-
ticulatory loop. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,
36,233–252.
Baddeley, A. D., & Lieberman, K. (1980). Spatial working memory.
In R. Nickerson (Ed.), Attention and performance VIII
(pp. 521–539). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Baddeley, A. D., & Logie, R. H. (1999). Working memory: The mul-
ticomponent model. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of
working memory(pp. 28–61). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
Baddeley, A. D., & Scott, D. (1971). Short term forgetting in the
absence of proactive interference. Quarterly Journal of Experi-
mental Psychology, 23,275–283.
Baddeley, A. D., Thomson, N., & Buchanan, M. (1975). Word
length and the structure of short-term memory. Journal of Verbal
Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14,575–589.
Bjork, R. A. (2001). Recency and recovery in human memory. In
H. L. Roediger, J. S. Nairne, I. Neath, & A. Surprenant (Eds.),
The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crow-
der(pp. 211–232). Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association.
Bowen, R. W., Pola, J., & Matin, L. (1974). Visual persistence:
Effects of flash luminance, duration and energy. Vision Research,
14,295–303.
Broadbent, D. E. (1958). Perception and communication.London:
Pergamon Press.
Brown, G. D. A., McCormack, T., & Chater, N. (2001). The chrono-
logical organisation of memory: Common psychological foun-
dations for remembering and time. In C. Hoerl & T. McCormack
(Eds.),Time and memory: Issues in philosophy and psychology.
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Brown, G. D. A., Preece, T., & Hulme, C. (2000). Oscillator-based
memory for serial order. Psychological Review, 107,127–181.
Brown, J. (1958). Some tests of the decay theory of immediate
memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 10,
12–21.
Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. J. (1999). Memory for serial order: A
network model of the phonological loop and its timing. Psycho-
logical Review, 106,551–581.
Campbell, R., & Dodd, B. (1980). Hearing by eye. Quarterly
Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32,85–99.
Caplan, D., Rochon, E., & Waters, G. S. (1992). Articulatory and
phonological determinants of word-length effects in span tasks.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45A,177–192.
Cofer, C. N., & Davidson, E. H. (1968). Proactive interference in
STM for consonant units of two sizes. Journal of Verbal Learn-
ing and Verbal Behavior, 7,268–270.
Coltheart, M. (1980). Iconic memory and visual persistence. Per-
ception & Psychophysics, 27,183–228.
Conrad, R. (1964). Acoustic confusion in immediate memory.
British Journal of Psychology, 55,75–84.
Corballis, M. C. (1966). Rehearsal and decay in immediate recall of
visually and aurally presented items. Canadian Journal of Psy-
chology, 20,43–51.
Cowan, N. (1984). On short and long auditory stores. Psychological
Bulletin, 96,341–370.
Cowan, N. (1988). Evolving conceptions of memory storage, selec-
tive attention, and their mutual constraints within the human
information processing system.Psychological Bulletin, 104,163–
191.
Cowan, N. (1995). Attention and memory: An integrated frame-
work.New York: Oxford University Press.
Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A
reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and
Brain Sciences, 24,87–185.
Crowder, R. G. (1976). Principles of learning and memory.
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Crowder, R. G. (1978). Memory for phonologically uniform lists.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 17,73–89.