Science - USA (2022-02-18)

Nathanet al.,Science 375 , eabg1780 (2022) 18 February 2022 6 of 12

600

800

1000

1200

34.800

34.801 30.840

Altitude (m)

Sampling interval: 1 min

-180 -90 0 90 180

Windward Tailwind

side

Tailwind Leeside Headwind

1

2

3

Adults

Juveniles

1

2

3

Intermediate wind shear

Low wind shear

Climb rate (m/s)

Flight vs. wind direction (deg)

600

800

1000

1200

34.800

34.801 30.840

Altitude (m)

9:55:33

9:56:33

9:10:04

9:59:59

960

1060

Sampling interval: 2 s

Climb rate (m/s)

-6 0

A

B

• 4 2- 2 4

sink rise

Constricted & high flow

Unrestricted & low flow

1 10 30 60 120 180

Sampling interval (s)

0

50

100

150

Distance swam after behavioral switch (m)

0 10 m

50.776

-1.911 -1.910

Constricted & high flow

Exit

0 10 m

-1.911 -1.910

50.776

Unrestricted & low flow

0 10 m

Unrestricted & low flow

Exit

After behavioral switch

Before behavioral switch

Behavioral switch point

Migration to sea

Forebay

Exit

leeside

headwind

windward

side

tailwind

wind

****

0 10 m

Constricted & high flow

Exit

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

Fig. 4. Insights into the responses of wild animals to their abiotic
environment and to human-induced environmental changes.(A) High-
resolution (dt= 2 s) GPS tracking of griffon vultures (G. fulvus) revealed that under
more challenging soaring conditions (intermediate wind shear), juveniles climbed
more slowly in rising-air thermals because of their lower efficiency in circling
around wind-drifted thermals compared with adults ( 38 ). Vulture thermal circling
is clearly evident in the high-resolution data but cannot be recognized even at
slightly lower resolution data (dt= 1 min). According to the Nyquist-Shannon criterion,
a typical circling duration of ~15 s (~4 circles min−^1 ; zoomed-in section) requires

dt≤7.5 s. (B) Acoustic trilateration (dt= 1 s) revealed that downstream-migrating

endangered European eels (A. anguilla) shift their behavior from semipassive

downstream swimming to either upstream escape or local search upon encountering

experimentally varied flow regime near the exit of a hydropower facility ( 23 ). A

constricted high flow regime generally elicits longer upstream escape (top map),

whereas unrestricted low flow leads to shorter, spatially confined searches for the

nearby exit. This difference in behavioral response becomes undetectable and

insignificant as sampling interval increases, indicating that relatively high-resolution

tracking is required to infer fish response to anthropogenic structures.

RESEARCH | REVIEW