Western scholarship, 4
of modernity, 36–50
of Sufi sm, 126–7, 132–4, 135–9
Westphalia, Peace of, 27, 28
White, Jenny, 95
Wittrock, Bjorn, 22
women, 74, 78, 196, 219, 252, 254, 277
women’s emancipation, 91, 94, 96, 97,
101, 104
Young Ottomans, 66
Young Turks, 68
Zaghloul, Saad, 69
al-Zawawi, Muhammad Salih, 126
Zeghal, Malika, 219–20
Zia-ul-Haq, 277
Ziya Pasha, 198
Zuhdi, Sulayman, 126
296 Index