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REFERENCES 775This field is very dynamic, and technologies and practices
are constantly changing. More complex object-oriented
programming paradigms and generalized markup lan-
guages are gaining widespread acceptance and use.
XML (extensible markup language), XHTML (extensible
HTML), XML-RPC (XML remote procedure call), SOAP
(simple object access protocol), and SVG (scalable vector
graphics) are examples of such new standards. However,
the basic principles of clarity, consistency, and concise-
ness are still applicable to the design of all sites regardless
of type or technology.
The Web development profession is also rapidly chang-
ing field. No longer is it feasible to have one person per-
form all design and implementation duties. A team of Web
developers, graphic designers, and database administra-
tors is usually required, with each member responsible for
the three components of Web site development: content
management, content presentation, and programming
logic. However, it is still important to be aware of all
issues in order to work effectively in a Web development
team.GLOSSARY
Client/server architecture A process by which multiple
computers communicate. The client initiates all com-
munication with the server in the form of a request and
receives the results in the form of a response. For Web
sites, the user’s browser is the client requesting content
or services from the Web server.
Database A repository of information. The data are
stored in a structured way to be easily and efficiently
retrieved. Two popular types of databases are the rela-
tional database and the object-oriented database. Each
has advantages and disadvantages with respect to effi-
ciency, rich associations between information, etc.
Hypertext A mechanism by which related content (text,
graphic, multimedia, etc.) is associated using links. A
hypertext document allows the user to easily access
relevant content in a seamless, integrated context, as
opposed to traditional, sequentially viewed documents.
Hypertext markup language (HTML) A standard lan-
guage for publishing content on the World Wide Web.
HTML defines a set of markups, or tags, that are em-
bedded in a Web document and provide structural,
stylistic, and content information.
Uniform resource locator (URL) The explicit format
for a reference to a hypertext document. It is in the form
protocol://server:port/path. The protocol can be any of
several standard Internet communications protocols,
with HTTP being the most common for Web pages.
By default, Web servers communicate using a standard
port number, 80. In such cases the URL can be short-
ened toprotocol://server/path.
User Anyone accessing the Web site, using a Web bro-
wser. A related term, user interface, refers to the en-
tire environment (text, graphics, and user input and
response) that builds the experience for the user inter-
acting with the site.
Web site The integration of hypertext content, presen-
tation information, and controlling logic, that forms
the user experience. Implemented on a Web server, itspurpose is usually to disseminate information, foster
collaboration, or obtain user input. It is the basic unit
of discussion in this chapter and will refer to both the
user experience and the actual implementation.
World Wide Web (WWW) A network of hypertext doc-
uments, existing on Web servers and accessible via
the Internet using computer programs called Web
browsers.CROSS REFERENCES
See Client/Server Computing; Databases on the Web;
HTML/XHTML (HyperText Markup Language/Extensible
HyperText Markup Language); Usability Testing: An Eval-
uation Process for Internet Communications.REFERENCES
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Murray, G., & Costanzo, T. (1999). Usability and the Web:
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Niederst, J. (2001).Web design in a nutshell(2nd ed.). Se-
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Roelofs, G. (2000). PNG, MNG, JNG, and Mozilla M17. Re-
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Weissinger, A. K. (2000).ASP in a nutshell(2nd ed.). Se-
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World Wide Web Consortium (1998). Document ob-
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World Wide Web Consortium (2002). Hypertext markup
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2002, from http://www.w3.org/MarkUp