192 Chapter 7 Length and Length-Related Parameters
d. How wide is the driver’s seat in each car mentioned
in (a) through (c)?
e. A city bus
f. How wide are the bus seats?
g. A high-speed passenger train
h. How wide are the train seats in the coach section?
7.6. This is a bioengineering assignment. Investigate the fol-
lowing dimensions and write a brief report to your
instructor about your findings.
a. What is the average diameter of a healthy red blood cell?
b. What is the average diameter of a white blood cell?
c. Measure and record the length of each finger of ten
male adults in your class. Also, measure and record
the length of each finger of ten female adults.
Compute the averages for males and females, and
compare the female results to the male results. Pre-
sent the results in both SI and U.S. Customary units.
d. Measure the average surface area of an adult male
arm by covering the arm with paper and then mea-
suring the area of the paper. Measure the surface
area of an adult male leg. How much plaster would
be required for a plaster cast around an average adult
male leg, assuming 2-mm thickness? What is the
volume of the plaster needed?
e. Estimate the average surface (skin) area of an adult
male.
f. What are the lengths of human small and large
intestines?
7.7. This assignment is related to civil engineering.
a. How wide is each lane of a street in your neighbor-
hood? Talk to your city engineer to obtain infor-
mation.
b. Visit the U.S. Department of Transportation Web
site to find out how wide each lane of an interstate
highway is. Do all interstate highway lanes have the
same width?
c. Find out how tall the Hoover Dam is. How wide is
the Hoover Dam? What is the area of the dam
exposed to upstream water? Discuss how and why
the thickness of the dam varies with its height.
d. How tall are the interstate bridges so that an average
truck can go under them?
f. How far above the road are the highway signs
placed?
g. What is the average height of a tunnel? What is the
area of a tunnel at the entrance?
Write a brief report discussing your findings.7.8. Investigate the size of the main waterline in your neigh-
borhood. What are the inside and outside diameters?
What is the nominal size of the pipe? What is the cross-
sectional area of water flow? Investigate the size of pip-
ing used in your home. Write a brief memo to your
instructor discussing your findings.
7.9. Look up the length of the Alaska pipeline. What are the
inside and outside diameters of the pipes used in trans-
porting oil? How far apart are the booster pump stations?
How thick is the pipeline? What is the cross-sectional area
of the pipe? What is the nominal size of the pipe? Write a
brief memo to your instructor discussing your findings.
7.1 0. Investigate the size of pipes used in transporting natural
gas to your state. What are the inside and outside diame-
ters of the pipe? What is the distance between boosting
stations? What is the cross-sectional area of the pipe? Write
a brief memo to your instructor discussing your findings.
7.11. Investigate the diameter of the electrical wire used in your
home. How thick are the interstate transmission lines,
and what is their cross-sectional area? Write a brief memo
to your instructor discussing your findings.
7.12. What is the operating wavelength range for the follow-
ing items?
a. A cellular phone
b. FM radio transmissions
c. Satellite TV broadcasting
Write a brief memo to your instructor discussing your
findings.
7.1 3. Derive the formula given for the area of a trapezoid.
Start by dividing the area into two triangular areas and
one rectangular area.
7.1 4. Trace on a white sheet of paper the boundaries of the area
of the United States shown in the accompanying diagram.
a. Use the trapezoidal rule to determine the total area.
b. Approximate the total area by breaking it into small
squares. Count the number of total squares and add
what you think is an appropriate value for the
remaining area. Compare your findings to part (a).
c. Use an analytical balance from a chemistry lab to
weigh an 8 --11 sheet of paper. Record the
dimensions of the paper. Draw the boundaries of
the area shown on the accompanying figure and cut
around the boundary of the area. Determine the
weight of the piece of paper that has the area drawn
on it. Compare the weights and determine the area
of the given profiles. What assumptions did you
make to arrive at your solution? Compare the area1
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